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Recent Appearances... Rantburg

Africa North
'Scores defect' from Gaddafi's army
2011-05-31
[Al Jazeera] Eight high-ranking Libyan army officers have appeared in Rome on Monday saying they were part of a group of as many as 120 military officials and soldiers who had defected from Muammar Qadaffy's side in recent days.

The eight officers - five generals, two colonels and a major - spoke at a hastily-called news conference organised by the Italian government on Monday.

"What is happening to our people has frightened us," said one officer, who identified himself as General Oun Ali Oun.

"There is a lot of killing, genocide ... violence against women. No wise, rational person with the minimum of dignity can do what we saw with our eyes and what he asked us to do."

Another officer, General Salah Giuma Yahmed, said Qadaffy's army was weakening day by day, with the force reduced to 20 per cent of its original capacity.

"Qadaffy's days are numbered," said Yahmed.

Abdurrahman Shalgam, the Libyan UN ambassador, who has also defected from Qadaffy, said all 120 military personnel were outside Libya now but did not say where they were.

South African intervention
Meanwhile,
...back at the Council of Boskone, Helmuth had turned a paler shade of blue. Star-A-Star had struck again...
Jacob Zuma, South Africa's president, has travelled to Tripoli for talks to end Libya's conflict, as calls mount from the international community for the Libyan leader to stand down.

Zuma's office said the main objectives of his visit include negotiating an immediate ceasefire, enabling the delivery of humanitarian aid and adopting and implementing reforms to eliminate the causes of conflict.

Zuma walked down a red carpet at Tripoli's airport to meet assembled dignitaries to the sound of a band and children chanting "We want Qadaffy!" in English, while waving Libyan flags and pictures of the leader.

There was no sign of the Libyan leader, however.

Al Jizz's Cal Perry, reporting from the opposition-held Libyan city of Benghazi, said there was much confusion surrounding the South African president's visit.

"We heard initially that [president's Zuma's] visit was to 'find an exit strategy for Colonel Qadaffy', [but] his aides have since knocked down these reports, calling them misleading and framing this visit as more of a regional visit to discuss humanitarian concerns.

"One of the issues that this visit raises is a political question ... certainly here in the eastern part of the country, or what they might call liberated Libya. People here are fearful that if a political deal is struck, what would the cost of that political deal be and would this mean a divided Libya?

"There is concern on the ground that this could potentially happen."

'Roadmap for peace'
Libyan state television
... and if you can't believe state television who can you believe?
said that Zuma was going to discuss the implementation of the AU "roadmap" for peace, as it reported fresh NATO raids on the Nafusa mountains in the far west and the town of Bani Walid, near Misrata.

In a statement on the eve of Zuma's visit, his ruling African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa condemned the NATO bombing of Libya.

"We also join the continent and all peace loving people of the world in condemning the continuing aerial bombardments of Libya by Western forces," it said after a two-day meeting of its executive council.

On Friday, G8 leaders from Perfidious Albion, Canada, La Belle France, Germany, Italia, Japan, Russia and the United States called for Qadaffy to step down after more than 40 years in power.

The Libyan government responded by saying any initiative to resolve the crisis would have to go through the African Union
...a union consisting of 53 African states, most run by dictators of one flavor or another. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established in 2002, the AU is the successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which was even less successful...
.
"The G8 is an economic summit. We are not concerned by its decisions," said Tripoli's deputy foreign minister, Khaled Kaaim.

"We are an African country. Any initiative outside the AU framework will be rejected."

United front
Over the weekend, more than 100 Libyan community and tribal leaders met with members of the opposition National Transitional Council at a conference in Turkey in a bid to show a united front against Qadaffy.

The delegates, mostly from the powerful Warfalla clan based in the western city of Baniwalid, were calling for an end to the violence and the departure of Qadaffy and his sons.

Baniwalid is said to hold a position of vital strategic importance, and was thus being aggressively targeted by Qadaffy.

The meeting was billed as a possible game-changer for the Qadaffy government as the Warfalla are said to have been supporting Qadaffy militarily, especially around the western city of Misrata.

Meanwhile
...back at the pound, Zebulon finally found just the friend he'd been looking for...
on Monday, Navi Pillay, the UN rights chief, condemned the brutality of the government's crackdown on protesters in Libya and Syria, saying the actions were shocking in their disregard for human rights.
...not to be confused with individual rights, mind you...

"The brutality and magnitude of measures taken by the governments in Libya and now Syria have been particularly shocking in their outright disregard for basic human rights," he said.

Separately on Monday, two French lawyers said they planned to bring legal proceedings against Nicolas Sarkozy
...23rd and current President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. Sarkozy is married to singer-songwriter Carla Bruni, who has a really nice birthday suit...
, La Belle France's president, for crimes against humanity over the NATO-led military campaign in Libya.

Ibrahim Boukhzam, a Libyan justice ministry official in Tripoli, said Jacques Verges and Roland Dumas had offered to represent families he said were victims of the NATO bombing campaign.

Dumas said the NATO mission, which was meant to protect civilians, was killing them.

He denounced what he described as "a brutal assault against a sovereign country" and said he was ready to defend Qadaffy should he ever be brought before the International Criminal Court
... where Milosevich died of old age before being convicted ...
(ICC) in the Hague.
Link


Africa North
Infamous lawyers offer to defend Gaddafi
2011-05-30
TRIPOLI, Libya — If Moammar Gaddafi ever needs a legal defense team at The Hague, he may already have his men.

Former French foreign minister Roland Dumas, whose career was plagued by scandal and who served as an attorney for Saddam Hussein, turned up in Tripoli on Sunday alongside Jacques Verges, a man nicknamed “the Devil’s Advocate” for defending some of the world’s most notorious figures, including Klaus Barbie and Carlos the Jackal.

They came to the Libyan capital to take up a case against NATO on behalf of 13 families who say their relatives have been killed in alliance airstrikes. The pair said they were also ready to defend Libya’s leader at the International Criminal Court if needed and invited.

“In that case we would say yes,” the 88-year-old Dumas said. “But we believe it will not happen.”

ICC prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo has asked judges to issue arrest warrants against Gaddafi and two senior regime members, alleging crimes against humanity during a brutal crackdown on unrest.

Dumas and Verges also showed up in Ivory Coast in late 2010 to defend Laurent Gbagbo, the former president who refused to accept his election defeat to Alassane Outtara last year and was eventually arrested in April after a bloody conflict.

Two days after Russia said Gaddafi should leave Libya, the appearance of Dumas and Verges could be seen as an indication of the Libyan leader’s growing international isolation.
These two really do seem to be the harbingers of bad times for the average leader-thug. Perhaps they could sign Mugabe and Kimmie?
Dumas resigned as president of France’s Constitutional Court in 1999 after being accused of involvement in a corruption scandal. His mistress went to jail, but he was eventually acquitted. He did, however, serve a 12-month suspended prison sentence in 2007 for misappropriating funds while acting as executor of a will.

At Cambodia’s genocide tribunal, Verges defended Khmer Rouge head of state Khieu Sampan against charges of involvement in the deaths of up to 2 million people from 1975 to 1979. Barbie, another past client, was an SS captain nicknamed “the Butcher of Lyon” for torturing and killing thousands of people.

But the lawyer said his eyes filled with tears when he met victims of NATO airstrikes at a Tripoli hospital over the weekend.

If they do not succeed in winning a case against NATO in Europe, Dumas said, the men could take the case to a new “international law” court being set up in Bolivia in what may be a left-wing attempt to establish a rival to the ICC.
Link


Europe
(French pols & "intellectuals") United Against Israel
2006-07-20
From Galliawatch. Fits well with the feeling I get watching the news on lci ("conservative") and i-télé (limousine liberals), which are in full "Isreal is the ennemy of peace" mode, IMHO. Unanimity reigns supreme, not a single dissisdent voice; France truly is the realm of the "Pensée Unique" (unique thought, establshment driven orthodoxy).

Browsing through the French websites, one finds mostly condemnation of Israel, or at the very least, a kind of perplexity: why would Israel do such a thing? If Jean-Marie Le Pen has been evasive with regard to Islam, he shows no retinence as far as Israel is concerned. His position puts him in the same camp with the noted scholar of Middle East issues and funny man,
and überleftist activist driven by hate and resentment against the catholics, the jooos ("zionists") and whitey... all this in name of the so-called "republican values" threatened by you-know-who.
Dieudonné M'Bala M'Bala. This strange alliance was the topic of one of my posts back in May.
dieudonné ("God given") has in fact remarked he was the left equivalent of pépé Le Pen he admired IIRC for his straight talking, and he wished to be pitted against him at the second turn of the 2007 presidential election.

These two communiqués, once again, illustrate the "unholy alliance" between the Front National and the bloc composed of immigrants, Muslims, blacks, celebrities, the left-wing, the so-called conservatives, and, in general, anti-Semites of all stripes and all conditions. The first one is from Le Pen's website:

Jean-Marie Le Pen expresses his great concern over the Israeli military interventions in Palestine, and now in Lebanon.

These hostilities, that are looking more and more like war, cannot be justified by the kidnapping, however surprising, of one or two Israeli soldiers.

Furthermore, the increased pressure on Iran, the unfolding of a veritable civil war in Iraq and the persistent armed confrontations in Afghanistan constitute an ever greater threat to the peace, not only of the region, but of the entire world. Henceforth, the increase in the price of oil places the economic balance of the world in danger.

Jean-Marie Le Pen calls on the various national and international leaders to act immediately to restore lasting conditions for peace and international security.


Now, from our celebrity candidate for the presidency of France, Dieudonné, who seems to feel that French politicians are siding with Israel:

The Israeli expansionist and racist policy is now out in the open both in Lebanon and in Gaza. The State of Israel used as a pretext the rather suspicious kidnapping of soldiers to launch a massive terrorist offensive against the forces of Palestinian resistance in Gaza and in Lebanon.

It will be noted that these obvious violations of international law, not to mention the most basic humanity, are taking place with the tacit support not only of the USA, but also an important number of French politicians.

Thus, Nicolas Sarkozy, representative of the neo-conservative political trend, not content with having admittedly approved the American aggression in Iraq, now openly supports the Israeli terrorist actions and hides no longer his desire for France to recapture her empire.

I call on all free men in this country to muster up their courage, as the former President of the Constitutional Council, Roland Dumas, has just done, to call a spade a spade, and to assemble for the purpose of demanding that the French authorities condemn the Israeli aggression and that they initiate immediately a dialogue with the elected representatives of the Palestinian people and with the representatives of Hezbollah.

I call on the Jewish organizations of France to exhibit prudence and to cease igniting ethnic tensions through their unconditional support for the policies of Israel.

I hope that Roland Dumas, former Minister of Foreign Affairs, initiates a gathering of all those who seek peace in the Middle East, and who wish to see France initiate steps as she did at the time of the Gulf War, out of respect for her principles and her friendly relations with the Arab-Muslim world.


In addition, the remarks of a deputy from Yvelines, Jacques Myard, have surprised and dismayed some, including the administrator of Occidentalis, Denis Greslin and the Google group Via-Resistancia. Myard apparently has said that "the French government must take all possible measures, including military action, against Israel."

The writer at Via-Resistancia, as transmitted by Occidentalis, laments:

So this is what France is sinking into, back with her former demons from the '40's, when it was fun to spit on Jews, before sending them to the camps...

Never in my life have I felt so ashamed to be a Frenchman. For a long time, Roosevelt and Churchill debated whether or not to consider France as an ally or as an enemy like Italy. Finally Churchill is said to have convinced Truman to place her in the camp of the victors. But 60 years later, we are forced to admit that she did not belong there...
Link


Iraq
Amir Taheri : Don't hurry over Saddam. The whole Arab world needs to watch this trial
2005-10-21
WHAT IS the latest?” Iraqis ask as they come together for tea and sympathy in these times of hope and uncertainty. And there is always someone who answers by reporting the discovery of a new mass grave where the victims of Saddam Hussein were buried.
According to the latest estimates, the remains of more than 200,000 people, the fruit of the 35-year-long rule of his Arab Socialist Baath Party, have been found in this ever expanding archipelago of death.

And yet, as the fallen dictator’s trial opens today, he faces only one charge: the massacre of 143 men, women and children in the village of Dujail in 1982. With him in the dock will be his half-brother Barzan al-Takriti, who headed his regime’s secret services, and Taha al-Jizrawi, who commanded the party’s so-called Popular Corps, an army of cut-throats.

The notorious Anfal (“Spoils of War”) campaign, in which 180,000 Kurds were massacred, the Halabja tragedy, in which 5,000 people were gassed to death, and the week-long killings in southern Iraq in 1991 have been set aside for the time being.

Lawyers at the special Iraqi tribunal, where Saddam and his seven co-defendants will be tried, say that the Dujail case, in which all victims were Shia, was chosen because it was easier to find witnesses and amass evidence for prosecution. Saddam and his supporters, including Roland Dumas, the former French Foreign Secretary, who heads the fallen despot’s team of lawyers, claim that the Dujail case represents an attempt by Iraq’s Shia majority to exact revenge. The lawyers’ strategy is to transform Saddam from one of the most brutal rulers in history into a victim of rough justice.

It is, therefore, imperative for the Iraqi authorities to make it clear at the outset that the Dujail case is one of a series to deal with the crimes committed by Saddam and his cohorts.

Millions of those who suffered at the hands of the regime would be glad to see Saddam punished as quickly as possible. Kangaroo courts have a long history in Iraq, starting with the televised murder-express trials presided over by the notorious Fadhil al-Mahdawi under Colonel Abdul-Karim Qassem in 1958. The typical al-Mahdawi trial lasted 15 minutes, often ending with a death sentence. When Saddam seized power he reduced that time by two-thirds and added a new feature: the accused were shot on live television by their former comrades.

Liberated Iraq should show that things are different under the new democratic system. There should be no hurry to send Saddam to the gallows. Investigators have already collected 40 tonnes of documents, more than 10 million pages of sworn testimonies, and forensic reports from more than 297 mass graves. To these could be added the mass of evidence collected in Iran and Kuwait, both of which suffered from Saddam’s aggression.

What is at stake is more than the fate of a despot and his entourage. Iraq and, beyond it the Arab world, where the remnants of pan-Arabism regard Saddam Hussein as their champion, need a prolonged, dispassionate, and judicially impeccable lesson in history and political ethics.

According to Khalil al-Dulaimi, who heads Saddam’s team of Arab lawyers, the fallen despot intends to cast himself in the role of “the defender of pan-Arab values”. This should be welcomed by the judges, for it would allow the exercise to assume a greater role: putting on trial the military-security model of statehood that has been the most popular in the Arab world since the Egyptian coup d’état of 1952. Far from being an aberration, Saddam Hussein was an archetypal figure of the modern Arab despotic regimes based on the military and the security services. His kind of despotism was imposed on a dozen Arab nations at different times and is still in power in Libya, Syria and Sudan. In its 50 years of existence, this form of government has provoked ten large wars, including the longest of the last century: the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-88 that stole more than a million lives.

Saddam may try to present himself as the champion of Iraq’s Sunni Arabs, who account for 15 per cent of the population. The fact is that Sunni Arabs were as much a victim of his as any other community. (As far as its elite elements are concerned, Saddam was responsible for the death of more Sunni Arabs than Shia or Kurds.) Next, he may try to appear as the champion of the Baath and its claimed ideals of socialism and Arab unity. But more Baathists were killed under Saddam than any other ruler since 1947 when the party arrived in Iraq. When it seized power in 1968 the Baath had an 18-man politburo. By 1988 he was the only one still alive and in power.

Saddam’s trial should also expose the foreign powers that helped to set up and sustain his murderous regime, and the banquet of corruption at which scores of politicians, diplomats, intellectuals and businessmen, some from Europe and the United States, supped with the devil. An Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations has resigned after being charged with receiving illegal kickbacks from Saddam. One of France’s most senior diplomats is in prison on a similar charge. A former French Home Secretary, several members of the Russian parliament and a dozen Arab media figures have also been exposed.

In the three decades that Saddam dominated Iraq he had almost $200 billion in oil revenues not only to finance three large-scale wars and kill hundreds of thousands of Iraqis, but also to buy influence in the West. Part of that investment may be bearing fruit as the chorus of his admirers, led by the French, raises its voice.

Saddam is enjoying what he denied his victims: a public trial with defence lawyers of his choice and the rule of evidence taking into account the principle of reasonable doubt. Here a new Iraq, based on the rule of law, will be trying the old Iraq of cruelty and corruption. The Arabs will watch and decide which they would rather live under. The rest of the world should also watch to decide which side to support in the struggle for Iraq’s future.
Link


Iraq-Jordan
Iraq blocks Saddam family bid to fire his lawyers
2005-08-15
AMMAN - The Iraqi tribunal trying Saddam Hussein on war crimes charges has blocked a bid by his family to fire his vast team of defence lawyers, saying only Saddam can make such a move, the family said on Sunday.
Lance Ito, call your office.
Last week a lawyer acting for Saddam’s eldest daughter Raghad said the family had scrapped the team of more than 2,000 attorneys claiming to be representing Saddam and would build a new, better-organised defence team.
Organizing a team of 2,000 lawyers can be such a challenge ...
But the Iraqi Special Tribunal, the court set up to try the former president and other senior members of his regime, blocked the family’s effort to shake up the defence team. “We want to clarify some issues relating to the request to revoke all powers of attorney. We are very surprised by such unlawful acts. The exclusive right to empower any lawyer or to cancel any power of attorney is for defendant Saddam Hussein,” said a letter sent by the tribunal and obtained by Reuters.

Saddam’s family says many of the lawyers claiming to represent him were never formally appointed and are more interested in self-promotion than mounting a serious defence. It says they often gave conflicting legal opinions.
At least 2,000 different opinions, many times more.
More than 2,000 lawyers had volunteered for Saddam’s defence team, including former US Attorney General Ramsey Clark and a daughter of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. Others who said they were on the team included Anglo-Italian lawyer Giovanni di Stefano who once worked on behalf of former Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, and Roland Dumas, a colourful octogenarian who served as French foreign minister from 1988 to 1993 and acted as executor of Pablo Picasso’s estate.

A letter sent by Raghad to the tribunal said the family was entitled to choose Saddam’s defence team because the ousted dictator president was not able to make such decisions freely himself. “The family of the dictator president is free to choose whoever it wants to defend him and to remove whoever it wants for as long as he is denied freedom of choice,” Raghd’s letter said.

Sources close to the family said they hoped the tribunal would change its position, possibly under US pressure.
Keep hoping.
The family demanded the presence of newly recruited lawyers alongside Khalil Dulaimi, the Iraqi lawyer who attends Saddam’s court hearings, to ensure Saddam had adequate legal representation for a fair trial.

Raghd said legal advice the family was getting from senior British lawyers whose identity has been kept confidential was to boycott the tribunal or any committee interrogating Saddam until her father was given access to heavyweight lawyers from abroad.
Namely, a group of 'senior British lawyers'.
The new team was ready to come to Baghdad as soon as the Iraqi special court gave them permission, Raghd said. “We all able and willing to send legal specialists as soon as the legitimate tribunal your occupying masters allow them,” the letter said, referring to US-led forces in Iraq.

Raghd also criticised the tribunal for preventing her family from seeing Saddam, who aside from seeing a lawyer is isolated from the rest of the world. The tribunal denies that Saddam has had his rights infringed. So far Saddam has been formally charged in only one case the killing of Shias in the village of Dujail following a failed assassination attempt in 1982. Officials say his trial could begin within two months.

If when found guilty, he will get faces the death penalty.
Link


Iraq-Jordan
Top Hussein Lawyer Quits, Chides U.S.
2005-07-07
EFL:Time to call 1-800-Sokoloff maybe, Sammy?
AMMAN, Jordan - Saddam Hussein's chief lawyer quit the Iraqi dictator's Jordan-based legal team, saying Thursday some of the team's American members were trying to control the defense and tone down his criticism of the U.S. presence in Iraq. Ziad al-Khasawneh told The Associated Press he tendered his resignation in a telephone call Tuesday to Saddam's wife, Sajida, who is believed to be in Yemen.
Hokay. More money for us.
"I told her I was resigning because some American lawyers in the defense team want to take control of it and isolate their Arab counterparts," said al-Khasawneh, an Arab nationalist who has often expressed support for Iraqi resistance. Among the Americans on the team are former U.S. attorney general Ramsey Clark. Al-Khasawneh said Clark and Curtis Doebbler, another American lawyer helping defend Saddam, were "upset with my statements and have often asked me to refrain from criticizing the American occupation of Iraq and the U.S.-backed Iraqi government."
Whodda thunk it! Ramsey Clark: Bush Stooge! Methinks the counseler maybe full of the, how you say,...shit?
Al-Khasawneh said Saddam's eldest daughter, Raghad, allegedly removed all files related to Saddam's defense from his office. "I was away in Libya when she did all that without my knowledge," he said. Raghad favors the Americans and non-Arabs on the team "because she thinks they will win the case and free her father," he said.
Sounds like Raghead isn't too impressed with them legal skills of yours, counselor?
Saddam's legal team includes 1,500 volunteers and at least 22 lead lawyers who come from several countries, including the United States, France, Jordan, Iraq and Libya. No date has been set for the trial of Saddam, captured by U.S. troops in December 2003.
Yeah, I got nothing to do. Wait! I know! I'll volunteer to work on Saddam Hussein's defense team! That'll look great on a resume!
Al-Khasawneh said Raghad was allegedly seeking to exchange the Jordan-based legal team with an international Emergency Committee for Iraq, which was announced last month in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Just keep those checks rolling in, Raghead, no matter who show's up for this global waste of time...
The committee seeks to ensure a fair trial for Saddam and other officials of the former Iraqi government that was ousted by U.S. forces two years ago, said former Malaysian leader Mahathir Mohamad, announcing the committee. Besides Mahathir, other co-chairs include Clark, former Algerian President Ahmed Ben Bella and former French Foreign Minister Roland Dumas.
You want to handle this one, Inspector Reynaud?
Link


Europe
Ship Scam Could Cost France $$$$$$$
2004-01-28
More fun & games & dead witnesses. EFL:
France could be made to pay USD 600 million (EUR 476 million) in fines to the government of Taiwan because of illegal commissions that massively inflated the price of warships sold to Taipei in 1991, according to an official report leaked on Wednesday. Taipei paid more than 16 billion francs (EUR 2.44 billion) for the six La Fayette class frigates, and judicial investigations have since revealed that around a third of that was spent on a complex lobbying operation to secure the deal by the then state-owned French defence-electronics giant Thomson. Thomson - now the privatised Thales - and the Taiwanese government have resorted to an international commercial tribunal to settle the dispute. The controversial frigates sale was "easily the biggest politico-financial scandal of the last ten years" in France, according to a recent investigation into the case by former judge and European parliamentarian Thierry Jean-Pierre. Two French judges looking into the affair have been consistently refused access to documents that could be used to trace the commissions, as successive French governments have invoked a "defence secrecy" law - prompting speculation about a top-level cover-up.
"Cover up? Us? Non!"
Last October the Taiwanese govermnment became a civil plaintiff in the judges’ investigation, giving it access to the legal dossier that contains the proof that commissions were paid.
Oops!
Armed with this evidence the Taiwanese case before the commercial tribunal is unanswerable, Bot warned. According to Jean-Pierre’s book, Thomson paid out millions of euros to persuade Taiwanese officials to drop plans to buy warships from Korea, and then to defuse obstruction to the deal from Beijing and parts of the French political establishment.
And now the French are jumping in bed with Beijing to sell them arms. Now, what’s the word for that, oh, yeah. Whore.
The Taiwan frigates formed the background to the trial of former foreign minister Roland Dumas, who was cleared a year ago of being bribed by his lover to drop his opposition to the sale. It also featured in last year’s mass trial of officials at the oil group Elf, which ran part of the lobbying operation on behalf of Thomson. Jean-Pierre said that at least eight people linked to the affair had died in suspicious circumstances, including a Taiwanese naval official who was about to report his suspicions of bribe-taking and a French intelligence agent tasked with following the negotiations for the deal.
Remind me again why we’d want the French as allies?
Link


Europe
French court jails former Elf officials
2003-11-12
By Robert Graham, Financial Times EFL
Stiff sentences were handed out on Wednesday to the three central figures in France’s biggest ever corruption trial involving the diversion of €300m from Elf [n/k/a TotalFina Elf], the former state oil group, for personal enrichment and bribes during the late eighties and early nineties. The sentences bring to an end an investigation stretching back over eight years and which has thrown light on the corruption rampant in the final years of the late Francois Mitterrand’s second term in office as president. A total of 37 people stood trial in this case, preceded by an earlier one involving corrupting charges - rejected on appeal - against former foreign minister Roland Dumas.

Elf, set up as a state run company by Gen Charles de Gaulle to ensure French independent sources of oil, had long been used as an unofficial arm of French foreign policy, as well as to provide under-the-table funds to political parties. But this system was exploited by Loik le Floch-Prigent, the head of Elf from 1989-1993, and a group of cronies to their own personal benefit under the protection of President Mitterrand. On Wednesday Mr le Floch-Prigent was given a five year prison sentence along with Alfred Sirven, Elf’s general affairs director and André Tarallo, in charge of the group’s African operations. The court also handed down fines of euros 2m for Mr Tarallo; euros1m for Mr Sirven and €350,000 for Mr Le Floch-Prigent. This reflected the degree of their enrichment, balanced by the extent to which stolen funds had been recovered in offshore accounts.
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