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Southeast Asia
Myanmar frees many prominent political prisoners
2012-01-14
YANGON, Myanmar: Myanmar freed some of its most famous political inmates Friday, sparking jubilation outside prison gates while signaling its readiness to comply with demands of the US and its allies for a lifting of economic sanctions.

Among those released were prominent political activists, the leaders of brutally repressed democratic uprisings, a former prime minister, ethnic minority leaders, journalists and relatives of the former dictator Ne Win. The releases were part of a presidential pardon for 651 detainees that state radio and television said would take part in “nation-building.”

It was the latest in a flurry of accelerating changes in Myanmar sought by the West, including the recent launching of a dialogue with opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and Thursday’s signing of a cease-fire in a long-running campaign against Karen insurgents.

Myanmar likely now feels the ball is the West’s court to lift the crippling economic measures.

But the United States and allies may take a wait-and-see approach, to see if government truces with various ethnic rebel groups hold, discussions with Suu Kyi move forward and scheduled April elections appear free and fair.

“I think we are close to the removal of Western sanctions,” said Monique Skidmore, a Myanmar expert at the University of Canberra, adding that the US and others might first wait to see Aung San Suu Kyi take a seat in parliament. “There’s a sense that there’s still more to go before the sanctions will be removed.”

Human Rights Watch called Friday’s release “a crucial development” in promoting human rights in Myanmar but stressed that an unknown number of political prisoners still remain detained. The group called for their release and urged the government to allow international monitors to enter prisons to verify the numbers and whereabouts of those still jailed.

Until Friday, as many as 1,500 political prisoners were believed to be behind bars, by some counts, and the exact tally of those released Friday will likely take several days. Suu Kyi’s party said it was expecting the release of many of the 600 dissidents it tracks.

“The release of such a large number of political prisoners demonstrates the government’s will to solve political problems through political means,” said Win Tin, a senior member of Suu Kyi’s party who previously spent 19 years in prison but was released under a 2008 amnesty.

Among the high-profile inmates released were Min Ko Naing, a nearly legendary student leader from Myanmar’s failed 1988 pro-democracy uprising.

Activists arrested after the abortive 2007 Saffron Revolution — named for the color of the robes worn by the country’s Buddhist monks — were also freed Friday. Among them were Shin Gambira, 32, a militant monk who helped lead the anti-government protests. Family members said that he told them he was in good health.

Also freed was ethnic leader Khun Tun Oo, the chairman of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy, who was serving a 93-year sentence. He was arrested along with several other Shan leaders in February 2005 and charged with treason.

The government recently signed a preliminary cease-fire agreement with Shan rebels, among several other pacts to end ethnic fighting. The Shan Herald Agency for News, an online news site close to the rebels, said five or six Shan political prisoners were freed Friday.

Jailed former Prime Minister Khin Nyunt also was freed. He was ousted in 2004 after falling out of favor with the junta and convicted a year later of insubordination and corruption and sentenced to 44 years under house arrest.

“The democratic process is on the right track,” the 73-year-old Khin Nyunt told reporters in Yangon, saying he did not plan to return to politics.
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Southeast Asia
The general who would be king menaces Burma
2006-05-07
TO the Burmese, who love a puppet play, they are like three characters in a drama: the evil king, the fallen prince and the fair prisoner. But to appalled spectators in foreign embassies here, the play has taken a sudden turn for the tragic.

The king is Than Shwe, the senior general in Burma, who has adorned himself with regal trappings, switched his junta to one-man rule and ordered the government to move to a new city whose name, Nay Pyi Daw, means “royal capital”. The fallen prince is General Khin Nyunt, purged from his fiefdom in military intelligence, who languishes under house arrest, his hopes of a lucrative “moderate” policy in ruins. And he now shares that plight with the fair prisoner he sought to make his political partner, Aung San Suu Kyi, the Nobel peace prize winner. Guards slouch outside both their houses in leafy suburbs of lakes and gardens built by the British rulers of colonial Burma in the days when this impoverished land was the richest producer of timber, rice and commodities in southeast Asia.

Meanwhile, Than Shwe, 74, and his wife Kyaing Kyaing, have adopted the airs of ancient Burmese royalty, taking elaborate titles and performing temple rites once reserved for kings and queens, under the guidance of astrologers. They have built a residence in the new capital for which Italian marble was deemed inadequate and replaced by choice polished stone from China, the junta’s keenest friend.

Confined at home, Khin Nyunt has watched his associates thrown into the depraved conditions of Insein prison and seen the leader discard his schemes to lure Suu Kyi, who won a democratic election almost 16 years ago, into a transitional administration. “She made a grave miscalculation by not making a compromise with Khin Nyunt while he had the power,” said one international official here. “Now they will make her irrelevant.”

More at the link...
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Southeast Asia
Myanmar’s former FM jugged for 7 years
2006-04-10
YANGON, Myanmar - Former Foreign Minister Win Aung has been sentenced to seven years in jail by a special court after being charged with misuse of authority by the ruling military regime, family sources said on Sunday.
Kind of a light sentence for a prominent former regime member; they usually get tossed into an open grave.
The family source, who demanded anonymity for fear of retribution by authorities, said Win Aung was being held in Yangon’s Insein prison. They did not specify the date of the verdict.

At a press briefing on Sunday, police chief Brig. Gen. Khin Yi confirmed sentence had been passed on Win Aung but declined to elaborate. The sources said Win Aung was arrested last October and his trial began early this year on charges connected to the sale of an imported car.

Previously a military intelligence colonel and a former ambassador to the United Kingdom, Win Aung became foreign minister in 1988. Win Aung was known to have been close to ex-Prime Minister Gen. Khin Nyunt, who was given a 44-year suspended sentence in July last year on charges including bribery and corruption. A number of other close associates area also serving jail terms in what was seen as a power struggle within the ruling junta.
The current junta has something to look forward to when they lose the next power struggle.
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Southeast Asia
Ex-Myanmar minister on trial for abuse of power
2006-02-13
Former Myanmar foreign minister Win Aung has gone on trial at a special court inside the notorious Insein jail for abuse of power, military sources said on Saturday. "He is on trial for misusing his powers," a source close to the military regime told the agency.

Another legal source said that the former minister had been in the prison for about a month.

Win Aung was purged in October 2004 along with former prime minister Khin Nyunt, who is under house arrest in the capital after receiving a 44-year suspended sentence last year for bribery and corruption. The junta weeded out Khin Nyunt's allies from top posts, and hundreds of military intelligence officers and people linked to their businesses were arrested and detained in prisons around the country.

While Khin Nyunt once helped crack down on pro-democracy demonstrators, he eventually became the reformist-leaning face of Myanmar's military leadership. He was the most senior general willing to enter a dialogue with democratic icon Aung San Suu Kyi and foreign governments considered him to be one of the most accessible and reasonable figures in the junta hierarchy.
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Southeast Asia
Mystery deepens in Rangoon over the bombings
2005-05-22
This looks like it's clipped from another story, the "he" in question is a diplomat ...
He said the KNU, KNPP, SSA-S and the NCGUB have no capability to bomb Rangoon nor would they get any immediate benefit from it, though some of their members who hate the regime or need money have actually joined the extremists there.

According to the diplomat, the Communist Party of Burma (CPB), which announced a few months ago the plan for a nation-wide uprising in Burma called "Demo-2006", can be left out because their Chinese friends wouldn't allow them to commit such an atrocity against innocent citizens or a Thai target. Moreover, a senior cadre of the CPB used to denounce attacks by the VBSW or any other group against civilian targets, branding them "acts of terrorism."

As for the al-Qaeda or any other Middle Eastern terrorist group, those can be eliminated as well, despite a recent report that some Burmese Muslims want to ``hit'' Thai interests in Burma to get revenge for the ``oppressed'' Muslims in southern Thailand. The diplomat concluded that there was also a possibility that a new radical opposition group was responsible.

This view was shared by Pascale Trouillaud, who wrote in an article for Agence France Presse on May 8: "Among the possible explanations proposed by analysts were that the blasts were set by radical ethnic fighters from the border areas."

An article posted on Irrawaddy's website a few days later said: "One theory being advanced is that a new radical group has arisen, with no ties to mainstream movements.''

``This would be an entirely new threat,'' said one veteran journalist in Rangoon. ``Such a new group could have found support and expertise outside Burma and might have planted the bombs as a message to the regime."

One opposition leader also claimed that a new group "like" the VBSW might be responsible for the bombings in Rangoon and in other parts of Burma.

According to several exile sources, a new top-secret group consisting of several anti-SPDC groups' members has quietly established cells inside Burma and is ready to strike anywhere and at anytime. "It is an issue that nobody really wants to talk about, and it will be always denied because of a fear of retaliation from their handlers," said one of the sources.

In his first public comment on the probe into the May 7 bombings, SPDC Information Minister Brigadier General Kyaw Hsan said on May 16 that it is crystal clear that the terrorists who detonated three time bombs in three busy shopping places in Yangon received ``training on explosives conducted with foreigner experts at a place in a neighboring country by a world famous organisation of a certain big nation.''

An exile leader said that he was obviously referring to Thailand, the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States.

He added: "From what Kyaw Hsan said and what I know, it is clear to me that the SPDC intelligence has been terminated after Khin Nyunt's dismissal, when the SPDC abolished his Military Intelligence network and replaced it with the Office of Military Affairs Security."

Kyaw Hsan also claimed that the explosive known as RDX (Research Department Explosives) was found at the blast sites.

"RDX cannot be produced in Myanmar. It is produced in `big power' nations. RDX is the ideal cordite produced in such nations and used by their armies. Moreover, RDX is found to be used in a neighboring country. RDX is not easily available. It can be obtained only through the special assistance of armed organisations."

However, a source familiar with military issues in Burma said that if RDX was really used in the Rangoon blasts, then the culprits were most likely ``from within the military, because Burma has been importing RDX from China to manufacture explosives for its military.''

A senior editor of a Rangoon-based newspaper shared his insights on the present situation inside Burma on the condition of anonymity:``Whether it is the SPDC themselves, Khin Nyunt's people or extremists from the ranks of the opposition armed or ceasefire groups_all have a strong motive and all have the ability to access war materials to commit the bombings we have witnessed in our country in the past few weeks.

``Therefore, none of these groups should be exempt from a list of potential suspects, and until the wrongdoers are addressed and compelling evidence against them presented, we can only speculate about who are the terrorists.

``I have a message to them, whoever they are: To kill, maim or injure innocent civilians or to destroy their property won't do any good to anyone, but will only prolong the transformation of Burma to democracy and prosperity.''

According to the senior editor , the atmosphere in the capital is quite tense; many shops and businesses are still closed and people are staying at home. People in other parts of the country are also affected, as there have also been bombs outside Rangoon in past weeks.

One such incident widely reported in the international press was the explosion of a time bomb hidden in a polythene bag at the busy Zaygyo Market in Burma's second largest city, Mandalay, shortly after 4 p.m. on Tuesday, April 26. Two women were killed and 15 others, also mostly women, were injured. The state-run media said rebels carried out the attack, but the reports didn't name which group.

And in the latest attack, a bomb exploded in the early morning hours of May 12 at a bridge near Minhla Township, Magwe Division, in central Burma. No casualties were reported and it is still not known what kind of bomb was used or whether it was connected to the blasts in Mandalay and Rangoon.

"No wonder people are scared and there are rumours spreading predicting more attacks," concluded the senior editor.
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Southeast Asia
Burmese junta using chemical weapons
2005-05-09
THERE are growing signs that Burma's hardline rulers have decided to crush their opponents by force once and for all, laughing off sanctions imposed by the West and turning to China for military aid to defeat rebel groups. Last week saw fresh witness and medical evidence pointing to the use of crude chemical weapons against ethnic Karenni fighters near the border with Thailand. A Belgian photojournalist, Thierry Falise, brought out testimony from two Burmese deserters who were told to take special precautions because they were handling chemical shells. They described artillerymen wearing masks and gloves to fire the munitions.

The uncompromising stance of Than Shwe, the supreme leader, seems to have followed the fall from power of Khin Nyunt, head of military intelligence. He was seen as the architect of truces between Rangoon and the ethnic groups who have fought for self-rule since Burma won independence from Britain in 1948. Most accepted, but the few groups remaining defiant face a military campaign that seems to have moved to a new level of ruthlessness. Falise interviewed teenage deserters from the army's 112th light infantry battalion who said their unit was using chemical shells transported in crates bearing a stencilled skull and crossbones sign. Myo Min, 15, who was press-ganged into service, said: "Our friends who fired the shells told us they had to wear gloves and a mask and that every fourth shell contained chemicals. The officers told us not to run away because if we did we would be caught by the rebels, cut up and then be eaten with salt on bamboo sticks."

The shells fired on February 15 exploded with a burst of yellowish-brown vapour that claimed several victims among the fighters for the Karenni, who live along the border with Thailand. Three were examined six days later by a western doctor who described their chest pains, shortness of breath, swelling, burning eyes, itching, weakness, incontinence and disorientation. Two were covered in unexplained lesions and pustules, one victim's skin turned yellow, another passed bloody urine and all three suffered cramp-like abdominal pains. Western military attachés in Bangkok do not regard the case as proven but several believe that Than Shwe has given the green light to officers who have long argued for unyielding tactics against enemies of the junta. The rebels appear to have been fighting back, however. At least nine people were killed and dozens injured yesterday in three separate bomb attacks in Rangoon.

The regime appears to have adopted an equally tough approach to Suu Kyi, even though her peaceful campaign for democracy poses no military threat. The grip on the opposition leader has become unrelenting, according to exiled sources and diplomats in Rangoon. They say there are indications her resolve has come under enormous pressure in recent months, perhaps in an effort to force her into exile.
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Southeast Asia
Myanmar opens military intelligence trials
2005-01-25
Trials for more than 300 people linked to Myanmar's disbanded military intelligence unit began on Monday under a cloud of secrecy inside the notorious Insein prison, a legal source said. "The trials have started today," the source told the news agency. "No fewer than 16 special tribunals being presided over by 16 divisional and district-level judges were set up inside the jail premises," said the source, who went inside the prison. Some 30 special courts are expected eventually to be operating within the prison walls, and the trials are expected to end within 45 days. Thousands of people have been summoned for closed-door preliminary hearings in recent months.

Most defendants face multiple charges, including corruption and possession of illegal foreign currency. Some of the higher-ranking officials are likely to be charged with conspiracy, the legal expert said. The defendants are closely connected to former military intelligence chief and deposed premier General Khin Nyunt, who has been accused by the ruling military junta of insubordination and abuse of power. Two of his sons are among the 300 people facing trial. Khin Nyunt himself faces several charges including high treason, abuse of power and graft but is unlikely to be put on trial at this time, sources said.

Khin Nyunt, who led military intelligence for two decades, had favoured limited dialogue with detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. He was replaced by junta hardliner General Soe Win. Myanmar's military rulers have painted the purge as a crackdown on corruption. In October they scrapped the National Intelligence Bureau, the body that gave widespread powers to military intelligence officers. The intelligence wing was believed to control much of the black market and drug money in Myanmar - the world's second largest opium producer - and was a bitter rival of hardline army factions loyal to the junta leadership. But the hardline faction is also deeply involved in corruption, and analysts have said the crackdown is in part a battle over who controls black-market money. Myanmar is ranked among the world's top five most corrupt countries by watchdog Transparency International.
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Southeast Asia
Stagnant Myanmar economy frozen in time
2004-12-23
Long but interesting look into Burma Myanmar.
After a conspiratorial glance over the shoulder to make sure he is not overheard, Hakim, a Myanmar Muslim, leans over his beer to deliver a whispered verdict on his country's military government. "Saddam Hussein -- he great big bastard. In my country, the same," he tells Reuters in the bowels of a grimy Yangon bar. However, unlike many in the former Burma, Hakim's gripe against the ruling generals is economic, not political. As a 37-year-old trying to support a family of four, he curses the junta's mismanagement of the economy more than its contempt for the results of 1990 elections it lost by a landslide, or its detention of democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi. Hakim estimates that he and the thousands like him eking out a living as second-hand salesmen on the streets of the capital earn around $30 a month -- placing the once wealthy former British colony on a par with war-ravaged Cambodia. Decades of poor policies, U.S. and European sanctions and, more recently, the purge of Prime Minister Khin Nyunt and his network of business interests, have left the economy way behind those of prospering neighbours such as Thailand, analysts say.
snip
One rare bright spot has been the discovery in recent years of sizeable oil and natural gas reserves off the Myanmar coast.
Cue seething, oppression, and the 7,343rd holiest site in Islam.
South Korea and India in particular are pouring investment into the sector, which produced 350 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 7 million barrels of crude oil in the 2003-04 fiscal year, according to official figures. One Asian diplomat estimated that Myanmar needed a minimum of $6 billion in reconstruction aid and loans from the likes of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund to drag its economy into the late 20th century. Getting it into the 21st century will take much longer. Automatic cash machines are still the stuff of dreams, as are credit cards and text-messaging on mobile phones. The Internet is making slow inroads for those patient enough to deal with the power cuts and 28k telephone lines. Just don't try accessing Hotmail, Yahoo Mail or anything to do with the words "Myanmar" or "Suu Kyi" -- they are all blocked.
Now go read the rest.
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Southeast Asia
Bomb in Burma's capital Rangoon
2004-11-19
A bomb exploded in front of Western District court in Pansodan, Rangoon on the early morning of 18 November. There was no report of injury or damage due to the explosion but there have been tight security checks at the court delaying legal procedures throughout the day, according to a legal staff speaking on condition of anonymity. The staff explained that the court is hosting a combination of legal procedures from the neighbouring southern district, Latha Township and divisional courts and it has always been busy with people.

The explosion coincides with one month long arrest of former "prime minister" and Military Intelligence Service (MIS) Chief General Khin Nyunt and people are said to be very interested in the incident. Previously, whenever there was a bomb explosion, people always assumed that it was done by the MIS agents and now people are wondering if the latest explosion is the handiwork of disgruntled MIS agents. Only a small number of people in Rangoon are pointing their fingers at one of the armed rebel groups fighting the junta. But the government controlled media and newspapers haven't said anything about the explosion so far. U Htay Aung, an exiled expert on the Burmese army told DVB that both assumptions could be wrong as the explosion could be set up by the ruling generals to vilify General Khin Nyunt and his associates, and it could not be by the armed groups as there is neither political nor military gain for them by planting bombs in Rangoon.
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Southeast Asia
Myanmar Said to Release 4,000 Prisoners
2004-11-19
Myanmar's military government began releasing almost 4,000 prisoners whose detentions were ruled improper, state-run radio and television said Friday. But there were no indications the releases include Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi and other political prisoners. The reports said Myanmar's ruling junta ordered the release of prisoners who had been wrongly charged by the former National Intelligence Bureau, an umbrella organization of internal security organizations that was dissolved by the junta last month. The bureau had been headed by former Prime Minister Gen. Khin Nyunt, who was ousted Oct. 19 and subsequently accused of corruption and insubordination.
The newly-emptied cells will be filled with Nyunt's cronies ...
Khin Nyunt's removal from power was believed to have been orchestrated by hard-line members of the junta opposed to his relative moderation in dealing with the country's pro-democracy movement, led by Suu Kyi. The freedom of political prisoners is a major demand of the United Nations and Western countries, who criticize the military regime for its poor human rights record and failure to hand over power to a democratically elected government.
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Southeast Asia
Relatives of MIS agents in civil service sacked in Burma
2004-11-16
The supreme command of Burma's military junta, State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) ordered all ministries and regional military commands to sack all the relatives of Military Intelligence Service (MIS) agents working in the civil service departments. According to the confessions of the MIS agents, there are many relatives of theirs who are serving in the civil service, and the supreme command office has issued a directive to all the authorities concerned to remove them all as soon as possible. The order came after the wives of the ousted "Prime Minister" of the junta General Khin Nyunt and his associates were removed from their positions in women and child care associations by the wives of their ruling comrades.
The Burma purge continues.
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Southeast Asia
MIS agents sent to prison in Burma
2004-11-09
Burmese officers from strategic studies department including its heads Brigadier General Thein Swe and Brigadier General Than Tun and assistant-head Colonel Hla Min, each had been sentenced to 22 years in prison, according to those who are close to their families. Thein Swe had been officially requesting his retirement from the chairman of the junta, State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) General Than Shwe for nearly three months. He was in charge of foreign affairs and computer department. The assistant head of the computer department Colonel Tin Oo was "allowed to retired" from the army.

All agents of the computer department had also been fired from their jobs, according to those who are close to the supreme command in Rangoon. Officers and agents of No.6 MIS, known to many people as the army of lackeys of their ousted head General Khin Nyunt had been detained and interrogated at the compound of Rangoon Division Military Command. Moreover, the commanders of No.2, MIS based in Lashio, Lieutenant-Colonel Thet Tin Sein, Major Min San Kyi and the commander of No.9 MIS Major Hteik Shwe Maw were arrested on 29 October and taken to Rangoon, according to eyewitnesses.
This looks like a purge. Here is a related story from The Democratic Voice of Burma:
Although Burma's military junta, State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) has been arresting its military intelligence service (MIS) agents throughout the country, it is also replacing them with new agents in some townships. According to local residents, it is not known whether the new agents are military agents or from the Sa-Thonelone or the special police force, but they don't seem to be as powerful as their predecessors nor the police nor members of the junta-sponsored Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA). The relationship between the main opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) and the intelligence differs from one township to another, according to the NLD spokesman U Lwin. He added that the extraordinary thing at the moment is, he and another NLD leader are being followed only by an agent on motorcycle, instead of like before with three agents on cars. All in all, the relationship with the agents remains the same with regular harassments and arrests of NLD members.
Something is going on here.
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