Israel-Palestine-Jordan |
Jordan's free speech boundaries tested with satire |
2023-08-06 |
[BBC] One of the most popular satirical websites in the Arab world has hit back after being banned in Jordan by poking fun at the country's new planned censorship laws. AlHudood, meaning "the limits" or "the borders", publishes articles and social media posts highlighting the absurdities of Middle Eastern politics and everyday life in a deadpan style. It is in effect the region's answer to the US parody website The Onion or the UK's Private Eye. BEE - Backup Dancers Say They Are Tired Of Living In Lizzo's Shadow Its mocking commentary of the lavish wedding of Jordan's crown prince apparently led to AlHudood being blocked by the authorities last month - just ahead of tighter restrictions on the media being introduced. Legislation currently going through parliament has been denounced by journalists and human rights groups, who say it will further restrict freedom of expression. In its response, AlHudood - which was started in Jordan a decade ago - has offered a sardonic guide to publishing content in the country "without being fined, imprisoned, crucified". Another mock article in a series of reports focuses on a "terrorist" who just started to pose a question on Facebook and was arrested for an "electronic crime". "I think this will probably create a bigger clash [with officials in Amman] than before, but we feel we have no choice because if we don't do this, the longer-term effect for us and everyone else is going to be so much worse," an AlHudood source tells me from London. In a region of autocratic leaders where state-run media dominates, AlHudood has thrived against the odds over the past decade and is seen as a breath of fresh air by many of its young followers. It says it reaches a million readers on its website and some 30 million a year on social media, which has become the main forum for voicing criticism of Arab authorities. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
PML-N activist arrested, charged with sedition |
2019-08-15 |
[DAWN] MINGORA: A female leader of the Pakistain Moslem League-Nawaz (PML-N) was arrested on sedition charges, police said on Tuesday. Swat ...a valley and an administrative district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistain, located 99 mi from Islamabad. It is inhabited mostly by Pashto speakers. The place has gone steadily downhill since the days when Babe Ruth was the Sultan of Swat... police had detained Nasim Akhtar a few days ago for allegedly raising slogans against the Pakistain Army during a protest demonstration. The police said the first information report (FIR) against her was registered under Sections 120B (criminal conspiracy), 121 (waging war against Pakistain), 124A (sedition) of the Pakistain Penal Code and Section 7 of the Anti-Terrorism Act. "She raised slogans against the state institutions, including Pakistain Army, and was inciting others. Today, she was presented before a local court after initial investigations. The court sent her to Timergara prison on judicial remand," said Falak Naz, a policeman at the Mingora cop shoppe. Ms Akhtar is an active worker of the PML-N and participates in various social activities in the city. Recently, she organised a rally at Nishat Chowk in Mingora against the arrest of Maryam Nawaz. PML-N leaders in Swat said they would take up Ms Akhtar’s case in courts. Related: Nasim Akhtar: 2010-01-08 Pakistan hockey team in soup over hugging woman Nasim Akhtar: 2004-08-31 Ex-MPA's sister booked in Hudood case given interim bail Nasim Akhtar: 2002-12-15 Pakistani Politician Says Rival Beat Her Related: Timergara: 2018-07-16 JI alleges ANP activists hurled stones at Siraj’s motorcade Timergara: 2018-07-15 Some hidden powers want to sabotage polls, says Siraj Timergara: 2017-08-10 Major among 4 Pakistan Army personnel martyred during operation in Lower Dir |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
Police arrest AJK 'faith healer' accused of raping, blackmailing women followers |
2017-07-22 |
[DAWN] A fake pir (faith healer), who is accused of blackmailing numerous women after raping and filming them, was on Friday remanded to police custody till July 29 by a trial court in the capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmire (AJK). The accused, Mian Mohammad Tanzeem, 55, had reportedly been running his extortion racket in a densely-populated area of Muzaffarabad for more than a decade. He was finally netted by the police after an informant tipped off City Police SHO Rashid Habib Masoodi with evidence of his reprehensible activities. The police secretly surveilled the accused for two days before finally raiding the three-room "Aastana Aaliya", his den, on Thursday afternoon after securing permission from sub-divisional magistrate Asim Khalid Awan. The aastana was part of the accused's house, but his family seems to have disassociated themselves from him due to his activities, SHO Masoodi told Dawn. The first room of the aastana was a reception and waiting room; the second room was where the accused met his victims, while the third was a luxurious bedroom where the accused had installed three hidden cameras. The accused, who would also practice quackery and black magic, would lure female followers into visiting him alone, administer sedatives to them and then rape them in the bedroom, SHO Masoodi said. He would film his victims with the hidden cameras installed in the room and then blackmail them on their next visit. He would ask for money and gold in return for his silence, the police official added. Police said the fake pir would avoid targeting local followers and instead would prey on women from other districts. "Most of his victims were therefore from other districts, such as Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Attock and Mirpur," the SHO said. The accused would force his victims, with the threat of releasing their videos, to lure more women to his place. SHO Masoodi said that the fake pir did not offer much resistance when the police raided his place. "Initially he asked us why we were raiding his place. When he was told that the police possessed substantial evidence about his abhorrent practices, he instantly confessed to his crimes," he said. The fake pir also handed over a laptop which carried substantial incriminating evidence of his activities. Police have booked the man for violation of Sections 419, 420 and 354-A of the Azad Kashmire Penal Code and Sections 6 and 10 of the Zina Hudood Ordinance. The last three crimes are punishable with lifetime imprisonment. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
Dictators did more for Islamisation, says Sherani |
2016-03-05 |
That should tell you something right there. [DAWN] The Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) noted on Thursday that only dictators had worked towards the ‘Islamisation’ of laws in the country, whereas democratic governments -- especially the PML-N -- had been working against Islamic norms. The council also formally rejected Punjab’s recently-passed Protection of Women bill, as well as the draft of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa ... formerly NWFP, still Terrorism Central... ’s Domestic Violence bill for encouraging Western norms in society. Following the conclusion of the two-day CII meeting, Maulana Mohammad Khan Sherani and several council members denounced subsequent democratic governments for failing to ensure that all laws of the country are formulated in accordance with Islam. "Pakistain was established on the basis of the two-nation theory and one of those nations are the followers of Islam. Therefore, all laws and principles in the country have to be in accordance with Islam," Maulana Sherani said, adding, "But nearly all efforts to bring all laws under the ambit of Sharia have been undertaken in undemocratic eras." He said that while the CII was established in 1962, six laws -- including the Hudood Ordinance and the blasphemy law -- were formulated on the recommendations of council in 1983, while the Objectives Resolution of 1949 was incorporated into the Constitution in 1985. "These milestones towards Islamisation were achieved in undemocratic eras, but the PML-N, which carries the name ‘Muslim League’, is trying to undo all Islamic structures in the country," Maulana Sherani maintained. He was referring to the two bills scrutinised by the council on Thursday. While the Punjab 1.) Little Orphan Annie's bodyguard 2.) A province of Pakistain ruled by one of the Sharif brothers 3.) A province of India. It is majority (60 percent) Sikh and Hindoo (37 percent), which means it has relatively few Moslem riots.... Assembly has already approved the Protection of Women bill, the KP draft bill is unique in that this is the first instance in Pakistain’s history where a province has asked the CII to whet a law. "Both the bills -- the Punjab law and the KP draft -- are contrary to Sharia, our culture and the norms of our society," the CII chief said. Both bills, he claimed, aimed to undo ‘family values’ as there was no mention of respectable relations such as mothers, sons/daughters, husbands and wives. "The bills contain the terms ‘male/female child, persons etc’, which discourages relations based on family values -- promoting the way they live in the West," Maulana Sherani said, as other holy mans belonging to the Shia, Deobandi and Barelvi sects nodded in appreciation. The lone woman in the CII, Dr Samia Raheel Qazi, was also among them. The CII chairman said that another conspiracy to break the family structures was bringing women out of the protection of their homes. "Now they want to encourage women to kick their husbands out and see them in chains -- eventually the state and authorities will be in a position to control society," he added. The CII chief was asked if there were any alternative solutions for the issues and problems that had led Punjab t pass the bill. "The solution is that Punjab should undo this Bill and then forward a formal request to the CII to suggest ways and means for the protection of women from domestic violence," he said, adding that laws against domestic violence were already present in the Pakistain Penal Code. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
Struggle for justice |
2015-02-12 |
![]() Politicians and demagogues alike have repeatedly used the sanction and ready acceptance of misconstrued religious teachings to promote their own political ideologies and motives. Such is the captivation with faith that Paks en masse submit themselves to the averments of the pseudo-Islamic politician and are led astray without even attempting to consider the authenticity of the propagator's claims. This bolsters tribal customs and, effectively, the patriarchal construct of the society that supports inequality and the subjugation of women. In 2006, president Musharraf was applauded for his efforts, as it was his regime's concept of 'enlightened moderation' that led to the new legislation to empower women. This transpired through the enactment of the Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act, 2006 (PWA), which, to the delight of civil society activists, after 27 years of struggle, amended the draconian Hudood Ordinances. By virtue of the amendment, rape now comes under Section 375 of the Pakistain Penal Code 1860 and removes the evidentiary requirement of four male eyewitnesses. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
Bigotry in the name of God |
2014-03-18 |
[DAWN] THE chairman of the Council of Islamic Ideology (CII), Muhammad Khan Sheerani, has stated that prohibition of child marriage under the Mohammedan Family Law Ordinance is un-Islamic. He argued that the requirement to seek permission of the first wife before taking on a second (or third or fourth) is also un-Islamic. A few months back he declared that evidence generated by forensic DNA testing can't be treated as primary evidence in rape cases. Given his proclivity for regression in all forms, it would be unjust to conclude that the CII chairman is merely a proponent of gender inequality. The crisis of religious thought in Pakistain is epitomised by the likes of Muhammad Sheerani. The divide here is not just between those who advocate absolute conservation of tradition and those who advocate progressive change, or between those who have a minimalistic approach to religion and those who wish the state to enforce a maximalist version, or between proponents of rigid construction of religious text as opposed to contextual construction. The real problem is the ascent of coercionists who claim a monopoly over the understanding of religious texts, and leave no political and social space for reasonable people to debate and disagree over matters of faith. The debate around religion in Pakistain has been hijacked by a bigoted mullah brigade for whom discovering, debating and promoting the truth is not the object. The goal is to perpetuate invidious traditions and cultural practices no matter how cruel, and block any move towards striking the right balance between conservation and change. Fazal ur Rehman (the Islamic scholar) argued in Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition that the real challenge is to understand the context of revealed scripture and how principles laid down in Koran and Sunnah are to be interpreted and applied today. Is text to be applied, as it was understood at the time of revelation, or are principles to be derived from it and applied in view of current socio-political and economic realities? This sums up the debate between rigid and progressive constructionists. Pakistain's rigid constructionists simply refuse to acknowledge that human beings are involved in the process of interpretation as if texts speak directly, explain their meaning and advise all and sundry on how the principles laid out in the Koran and Sunnah are to be applied in a changing world. This refusal is accompanied by the mullah brigade's claim that its understanding of the meaning of the Koran and Sunnah is in itself Divine Truth. You ask them about the challenge of interpretation and they'll tell you that the question itself is a conspiracy against Sharia enforcement. What's the logic of CII's latest pronouncements? It believes there is anecdotal evidence that women during early years of Islam were married off before reaching the age of majority. Thus prohibiting marriage of minors is un-Islamic. By the same logic there's irrefutable evidence that slavery existed during Islam's early years and keeping slaves has also not been explicitly prohibited. Should Article 11 of our Constitution forbidding slavery then be declared un-Islamic for being ultra vires of the Sharia? Are the CII's claims the product of rigorous study of Islamic theology or that of a misogynist cultural tradition entrenched in the name of religion? The CII's opinion regarding polygamy and child marriage reveals its decadent worldview. The reason why minors shouldn't be getting married is because humans lack agency and autonomy before they become adults and neither know right from wrong nor can be held to account for their actions. If the guardians of a young girl can contract her out in marriage regardless of her age and hand over her possession later when she is old enough to endure sex, are we saying that women are nothing more than chattel and marriage a delayed delivery contract? More worrisome is the design fault in the CII's conception. Given the level of intolerance our society has already surpassed, it's now evident that the CII can only be an instrument of further radicalisation, not the harbinger of progressive change. Do its decisions find acceptability within the religious right unless they pander to the extreme right and endorse savage cultural traditions in the name of religion? Under Prof Khalid Masud, the CII supported the Protection of Women (Criminal Laws) Amendment Act, 2006, to guard against the abuse of Hudood Laws. The rabid mullah brigade rose up in arms against the CII. A few years later, the CII proposed amendments in the nikah form to protect women against harassment and abuse they are subjected to while seeking khula. The mullah brigade was livid again and blocked the reform. Any talk of reforming the blasphemy laws to prevent against their abuse is now seen as blasphemy itself. When Javed Ghamidi spoke up in the wake of Salmaan Taseer's murder he attracted a kaboom and had to flee Pakistain along with his family. The Oxford-educated Fazal ur Rehman who returned to Pakistain in 1961 to head the Central Institute for Islamic Research also had to settle down in reliably Democrat Chicago, aka The Windy City or Mobtown ... home of Al Capone, a succession of Daleys, Barak Obama, and Rahm Emmanuel,... University to be able to freely research Islam and write about it. Whether it is Israrullah Zehri justifying the killing or burying of women alive in the name of honour and tradition or Muhammad Sheerani propagating child marriage in the name of religion, we must understand that bigots are cut out of the same cloth. And so long as they keep doing well in this country, progressive change won't. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
Redefining terrorism |
2013-09-30 |
![]() The ATA was enacted with a specific purpose: To provide for the prevention of terrorism, sectarian violence and for speedy trial of heinous offences. The ATA defines acts of terror under Section 6 of the said Act. This is a broad definition which covers everything from intimidation of state authorities to acts calculated to create insecurity in society. However, nothing needs reforming like other people's bad habits... when it comes to implementation, we have seen that the law has failed to deliver because of its creative application in cases where it does not apply. For example, in what has to be a case of turning the intent on its head, this year members of the Ahmadi community in Gulshan Ravi were charged under the ATA after a group of brigands invaded their place of worship and destroyed their property. The brigands then got the police to register an FIR under the said law because during their illegal raid, they chanced upon religious material of the community which supposedly offended their religious sensibilities. Even otherwise, the application of the law in cases unrelated to terrorism has contributed to the dilution of its legal effect. The Shahzeb murder case is one such glaring example. It was an open and shut case of murder arising out of a dispute, yet through an amazing feat of legal gymnastics it was fit into the definition of terrorism under Section 6 of the ATA. Consequently when the matter was resolved through Qisas and Diyat (Q&D) Ordinance, the ATA indictment fell through the gaps. Indeed the indictment under the ATA was most probably done in order to bypass the Q&D Ordinance. Herein lies the rub: If we are to accept the logic used in the Shahzeb case, every instance of premeditated murder can ostensibly be placed within the definition of terrorism under the ATA. But then this would defeat the original intent behind enacting the ATA in the first place, i.e. the creation of a parallel special court to deal with matters of terrorism. Similarly, in Mukhtaran Mai's rape case, the perpetrators of the heinous crime were charged under Section 7(c) and 21(1) of the ATA because it was deemed to be an act of terrorism. There is a very logical reason why high profile murder or rape cases are put into the terrorism bucket. It is because the prosecutors just don't have sufficient faith in the primary statutes governing murder or rape. However, a clean conscience makes a soft pillow... the answer to this is not to throw everything at the accused hoping something would stick. It is to ensure that primary statutes for cases such as murder and rape under the Pakistain Penal Code are sufficiently effective in dispensing justice. This would mean fewer, and not more laws. For example, the Q&D Ordinance as well as the Hudood Ordinances are distractions from the cause of justice whether we like to admit it or not. It goes without saying that these laws are based on very selective interpretations of Islamic jurisprudence which serve the orthodoxy by elevating form over substance. This is why till the Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act 2006 was formulated, rape victims were being charged under the Zina Ordinance while their rapists went about scot free. Unfortunately, we do not learn from history. The Council of Islamic Ideology under the extremely narrow leadership of Maulana Sherani has already moved to undo the many good things about the Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act 2006. Individuals accused of murder or rape not for ideological reasons may well object to the ATA indictments as being ultra vires Article 10-A, the right to fair trial, of the Constitution. Then we come to terrorism. There is a great need to make the definition of terrorism narrow and focused. To begin with terrorism includes within its ambit only those acts of violence which are perpetrated against civilian populations and civil authorities. Furthermore, these should also be limited by the existence of pre-meditated as well as an ideological motive, i.e. ethnic separatism or jihadi pretensions. All other forms of violence must then be referred to the regular criminal legal stream under various laws such as incitement, rape, murder, disorder, etc. Unless we give the special anti-terrorism courts the room to breathe, the whole exercise of amending the ATA will be futile. What is needed at this moment is a law that specifically targets violence intended to create terror in society on political grounds. Any and all acts from murder or dissemination of proscribed publications can then be brought into the ambit of the ATA provided that these actions stem from an ideological motive and the intent to carry out attacks against non-combatant civilian populations and civil authorities of the country. Reprehensible as certain crimes may be, the adequate remedy for any other crime should not lie before the ATA. To insist otherwise is a grave violation of Article 10-A of the Constitution as well as patently absurd given that the nation is at war against terrorism. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
Parliament, not CII: DNA testing |
2013-09-26 |
![]() The deliberations among the CII's learned scholars are useful up to the point that they highlight the pros and cons of a given issue and enlighten the public and the politicians from an Islamic perspective. But it should be remembered that the CII is only a recommendatory body, and its suggestions are not supposed to inhibit parliament's lawmaking rights. The Zia-era Hudood and blasphemy laws are controversial because they were imposed by decree, and not legislated by a sovereign parliament. The CII does not accommodate the views of all segments of Pak society, and in the presence of a parliament composed of democratically elected representatives, the council is, in fact, of very little use. Where an issue requires consensus, it is the prerogative of parliament to debate and decide. Which means the National Assembly and the Senate have the right to legislate on the DNA issue even if they want to consider the CII's stance. More important, all major religious parties are there in parliament, and, thus, there is no reason why one of the National Assembly's special committees cannot discuss the issue and make recommendations to parliament. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
CII rules out DNA as primary evidence in rape cases |
2013-09-24 |
![]() Addressing a presser, the Council's chairman, Maulana Muhammad Khan Sherani, said that though DNA testing was a useful and modern technique for supporting evidence, it alone could not be used as primary evidence. He added that the court of law could decide in light of the DNA test, when it was used with other evidences as a supporting material. He said the council had also rejected the Women's Protection Act of 2006, saying its provisions were not in line with Islamic injunctions, adding that the Hudood Ordinance dealt with all these offenses. He said Islam sets procedures to determine crime cases of rape. Earlier, the Council had convened to review recommendations from its members regarding DNA to be used as evidence in rape cases and possible amendments to Pakistain's blasphemy laws. It was earlier reported that the council was discussing a proposal to award the death sentence to people making false accusations under the blasphemy law. Allama Tahir Ashrafi was reported as saying that such an amendment would ensure "nobody dares to use religion to settle personal scores". However, there's more than one way to skin a cat... Maulana Sherani in his presser today said that the existing blasphemy laws should not be amended and that the Pakistain Penal Code already had sections which dealt with sentences for those who misused any law of the land. He said that the judge in such cases could resort to those relevant sections to award sentences. Sherani also said the council had unanimously decided that no member shall comment on any decision of the council's meeting unless the matter was elaborated and explained in a blurb or press briefing by the body. Replying to a question, he stated that every institution played its own role and the Islamic Ideology Council was performing its job as guiding body and the powers to implement those recommendations did not rest with it. |
Link |
India-Pakistan |
Atrocities against women |
2013-09-20 |
![]() That the indescribably horrible assault on the five-year-old girl in Lahore must not go unpunished is a perfectly valid call, though subject to respect for the moratorium on the death penalty. But nobody whose conscience has only now been aroused should stop short of looking at sexual assaults on girls in a proper context. To begin with, the rape of little girls in Pakistain is not so infrequent as some people might think. A day after the Lahore girl was ravaged, incidents of rape and gang rape on minor girls were reported from Faisalabad ...formerly known as Lyallpur, the third largest metropolis in Pakistain, the second largest in Punjab after Lahore. It is named after some Arab because the Paks didn't have anybody notable of their own to name it after... , Tandliawala, Kasur, Toba Tek Singh, Hafizabad and Dera Ismail Khan ... the Pearl of Pashtunistan ... The Lahore police chief disclosed that his city force alone had registered 113 cases of rape and 32 incidents of gang rape during the first eight months of the current year. A senior police officer was quoted as saying that most of the rape victims were teenaged girls and that the number of victims could be higher as many cases were not reported to the police. Both the state and civil society should realise that the sexual abuse of girls is a large-scale and widespread phenomenon and it needs to be tackled as such. The second fact to be borne in mind is that such devastation of girls is not a simple matter of crime and punishment and that the evil has flourished in spite of tightening of the relevant laws over the past 34 years or so. For instance, Gen Zia added Section 354-A to the Penal Code which prescribes death penalty for "assault or use of criminal force to women and stripping her of her clothes". The Offence of Zina (enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance of 1979 laid down the death penalty for several forms of rape. In 1990, Section 164-A of the Penal Code was amended to raise the age of children from 10 to 14 whose abduction "in order that a person may be murdered or subjected to grievous hurt, or slavery, or to the lust of any person...." was punishable by death. Has making the laws more stringent caused a decline in sexual crimes against women, particularly girls? If common experience is any guide the answer is in the negative. In fact, the dangerous consequences of making and amending laws in haste, often to satisfy the demands from a brutalised society, have become apparent. For example, the prescription of death penalty for gang rape, the same punishment that is awarded for murder, operates as an inducement to the culprits to kill their victim after violating her, thus eliminating the key witness of their crime. It is common knowledge that the rape of women in Pakistain is not merely one of the offences committed by individual criminals, it is also a weapon to be used to subjugate weaker people and to humiliate adversaries in tribal/feudal conflicts. Sociologists and psychologists could tell us about the factors that are keeping alive in our society the feudal attitudes towards women, the tendency to treat them as chattel. From a layman's point of view some of the worst feudal practices involving the degradation of women that were confined to the tribal areas have lately spread to settled, supposedly civilised, parts of the country. Reports of killing of women for men's honour from cities like Lahore and Bloody Karachi ...formerly the capital of Pakistain, now merely its most important port and financial center. It is among the largest cities in the world, with a population of 18 million, most of whom hate each other and many of whom are armed and dangerous... are enough to confirm this. Worse, some of the feudal practices, such as denial of girls' right to education, are now being promoted as religious injunctions, eg the destruction of girls' schools in areas infested with krazed killers. Quite clearly, the more retrogressive that society becomes the greater will be the exploitation of women in various forms, including sexual abuse. Law and order authorities and defenders of public morality in religious parties are quick to attribute attacks on girls to the declining moral standards of a society under the influence of Western culture, the internet and social media. But there seems to be greater force in the argument that women's vulnerability has increased as a result of campaigns to restrict their mobility, greater emphasis on gender segregation and a variety of attempts to reduce women's role in public life. Is there any connection between attacks on minor girls and the religious authorities' insistence on considering a girl fit for marriage as soon as she reaches the age of puberty and their reluctance to denounce marriage of men (of any age) to teenage girls? Again, to answer this, we need to be guided not only by the research of subject specialists but also by the Learned Elders of Islam. To the mind of sex-starved and depraved young men, especially in a suburban environment, if a girl in her teens is fit to be given away in marriage she is fair game for forced sex. A study should be undertaken to find out whether increasing emphasis on gender segregation in educational institutions, offices and public places is making women safer or their lives more hazardous. Finally, the nexus between growing religiosity and the rise in attacks on women must be thoroughly explored. The starting point should be a study of Gen Zia ul Haq ![]() 's measures aimed at curtailing women's freedoms. To sum up, devising workable plans to deal with the increase in women's vulnerability due to conservation of feudal cultural practices, reinforcement of patriarchy and the abuse of belief to deny women their rights is as important, if not more, as punishing criminals. |
Link |
Africa North |
Egypt's new constitution should allow freedom of worship for all religions: Salmawy |
2013-09-17 |
[Al Ahram] The 50-member committee responsible for amending Egypt's constitution may reexamine constitutional statements that limit freedom of religion to followers of Islam, Judaism and Christianity, according to a leading member of the committee. Mohamed Salmawy, the committee's media spokesperson, told a presser on Monday that "it is very important for Egypt's new constitution to be amended to give followers of different world religions the right to exercise their rites freely." Salmawy indicated that the 2012 constitution, drafted by an Islamist-dominated constituent assembly, stated that "the right to exercise one's religious rites and establish places of worship is guaranteed for the three heavenly religions only: Islam, Christianity and Judaism." Salmawy argues that the wording must be changed because it violates international conventions on human rights ...which are usually open to widely divergent definitions... "The more the constitution's articles are comprehensive and inclusive of all religions and sects, the more it will be in line with international human rights benchmarks." "The constitution cannot be tailored to a certain religion or a certain sect," he added. According to Salmawy, international statistics show that one third of world's population are members of "non-heavenly religions" and that a lot of Mohammedans live in countries where the official religion is not Islam or Christianity. "It is quite problematic to ask non-Mohammedan countries to give freedom to Mohammedans living on their land while Mohammedan countries refrain from doing the same to non-Mohammedans or people who do not believe in the world's three heavenly religions of Islam, Christianity and Judaism," he said. "The constitution-drafting committee will do its best to reach a consensus formula which could maintain Islam as the official religion of the state but at the same time ensure freedom for followers of all world religions to exercise rites," Salmawy said. Salmawy's comments also came in response to the decision of Bassam El-Zarqa, the single representative of the ultraconservative Salafist Nour Party on the committee, to withdraw from a sub-committee meeting today. El-Zarqa proposed that Article 2 of the constitution be amended to state that "Islamic sharia is the main source of legislation in Egypt" in place of its current wording, which reads: "the principles of Islamic sharia are the main source of legislation in Egypt." El-Zarqa's proposal was rejected by chairman of the 'basic constitution components and the state' sub-committee, Mohamed Abdel-Salam. The committee's members joined forces with Abdel-Salam, who is also a legal advisor to the grand sheikh of Al-Azhar University. The sub-committee members also rejected an alternative wording proposed by El-Zarqa: "The rules of Islamic sharia are the main source of legislation in Egypt." El-Zarqa argued that his proposal reflects a strong belief in Islamic sharia and the Islamic identity of Egypt. He said his amendment would allow the elimination of controversial Article 219 which gives an interpretation of the meaning of "principles of sharia" that many liberals and moderates warn is too conservative. El-Zarqa decided to withdraw from the sub-committee meeting after his two proposals were rejected. Hussein Abdel-Razeq, a member of the leftist Tagammu party, argued that "the elimination of the word 'principles' in favour of the word 'rules' is aimed at imposing a strict code of Islam, including the application of what is known as the hudood." Hudood punishments in Islamic law include the amputation of limbs as a punishment for theft, and other forms of corporal and capital punishment for a number of offences. Salmawy said at the presser that El-Zarqa's withdrawal "does not mean that he has decided to boycott the upcoming meetings of the 50-member constitutional panel and its sub-committees." "I hope that all members exercise restraint and know that it is natural to differ until they reach consensus," he added. The 'basic components' sub-committee members also agreed that Article 3, as re-drafted by a 10-member technical committee last month, be kept in place. The article states that "for Egyptian Christians and Jews, the principles of their religious law will be the main source in regulating their personal status laws, matters pertaining to their religion, and the selection of their spiritual leadership." |
Link |
India-Pakistan | |
Who will stand for Ahmadis in Pakistan? | |
2013-06-03 | |
[Pak Daily Times] The use of anti-Ahmadi rhetoric by political parties raises a serious question: Is there anyone who will ever stand up for their rights? "It's almost laughable. You first forcefully declare us a minority, then you promise to protect minority rights, and when you fail, you conveniently say sorry," an Ahmadi that I interviewed recently for my elections research laughed at the contradiction and hopelessness in Pakistain. Behind his laugh, I could sense the pain and fear that has engulfed the minorities, especially the Ahmadis, in Pakistain. While the cities and media is buzzing with the slogans of 'Roshan' (bright) and 'Naya' (new) Pakistain, Ahmadis have been ambushed by political parties in their struggle for electoral seats. Politicians have gone the distance to prove themselves good Musselmens, the criterion of which in Pakistain is to believe in One God and the Prophet (PTUI!), and to also consider Ahmadis as 'kafir' (infidel). Political compulsion it might be for most of them, but for Ahmadis it is a sad reality check of the diminishing space to breathe in society. "How will these politicians take a stand for anything when they can't take a principled stand for the weak in society," an Ahmadi showed his distaste for the recent fiasco between the Pakistain Tehrik-e-Insaaf (PTI) and Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F) on the Ahmadi issue that got viral on the social media. Ahmadis are scared that using their sect as a political tool for votes will lead the youth and the nation into hyper-radicalisation, and Ahmadis will become the natural target of frustration. "You know that the German Jews couldn't have predicted the coming of the Holocaust. It began with years of systematic social isolation, hatred, and conspiracies against them, and then Hitler came, and we saw what happened. I see Pakistain heading towards that for us." As unbelievable as this statement from one of the Ahmadis who participated in WWII on the side of the Allies appears, in the past few months, while the nation had been busy with elections, Ahmadis are being silently targeted, not only by religious Death Eaters, but by government itself in all the major cities, especially in Lahore under the interim setup of Chief Minister Najam Sethi. However, a hangover is the wrath of grapes... none of the atrocities are being reported as 'breaking news' on the mainstream media outlets. "In the past two weeks our mosques have been raided by the police, our publication shops turned into a mess, and we have been barred and threatened by the police not to have any of our literature at our home, nor have any religious meetings in our centres." An Ahmadi in a position of authority who requested anonymity explained in frustration: "They have even told us that they have the list of all addresses of Ahmadis, and they will raid houses to confiscate any literature," which gave a glimpse of the Nazi-era style of discrimination against the Jews. "We are being systematically forced to leave this country, this land. More than Ahmadi, I'm a Punjabi and my family has lived on this land for centuries, and today I don't have an option but to leave." Tears rolled out of this old man, whose father was a wealthy businessman at the time of partition and sold all his possessions to give funds to the Pakistain Musselmen League. Today, he is being forced out of the land of his forefathers. The discrimination does not stop here, as another tragic event took place a week before the elections in Gulshan-e-Ravi, Lahore, where the police raided an Ahmadi centre and tossed in the calaboose Drop the gat, Rocky, or you're a dead 'un! the people who were offering their prayers. On top of charging them under the Hudood law of 'imitating Musselmen practices', the men arrested were also accused of conspiring against the state and for terrorism. The arrested persons included an 83-year-old man, and a few minors. During the court proceedings, the High Court dismissed the case, calling it a politically motivated attempt by people in the area, but in a matter of hours, after severe pressure from right wingers, the judge refused to give bail to the detainees. According to the lawyer who is defending the Ahmadis, "No judge is willing to take a stand for Ahmadis against these right wing mullahs," who threaten the judges and get their way. One is forced to ask this simple question: on whose authority is all this being done, and why is the government so hopeless against these right wingers? Is it also equally involved? I asked an Ahmadi for his opinion on this question to which he responded, "We are political suicide for any politician in Pakistain. Even a dictator like Musharraf who genuinely felt the pain for us, and during whose tenure, in spite of whatever was happening in Pakistain, minorities were protected and discriminated against less, could not reverse the constitutional discrimination against us. He had to bow down to the religious fanatics at last, the same way Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto gave in back in the 1970s." When it comes to Ahmadis it is not just the illiterate class that hates and discriminates the community, even the educated and the affluent have little sympathy. While these elections might prove to be a positive tide for Pakistain, the use of anti-Ahmadi rhetoric by political parties raises a serious question, and a concern for millions of Ahmadis who live in Pakistain. Is there anyone who will ever stand up for their rights?
| |
Link |