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Recent Appearances... Rantburg

Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
A vile war and a hunt for civilians. The Ukrainian Armed Forces mine everything they can get their hands on
2025-01-21
Direct Translation via Google Translate. Edited.
by Olga Borisova

[REGNUM] Any unattended object lying on the ground can pose a mortal threat - in Donbass they have known about this for more than ten years. This rule in the region, unfortunately, is written in blood. But the insidious and vile enemy continues to invent new ways to disguise "booby traps" and explosive devices that pose a danger to both the military and the civilian population.

Another “know-how” was discovered by fighters in the Orekhovo direction in mid-January: the enemy dropped homemade explosive devices disguised as vapes (devices for “vaping”, a type of electronic cigarette) from a UAV.

"When such objects are found, it is naturally forbidden to touch them. Even minimal contact can lead to serious consequences. The Ukrainian Armed Forces often disguise explosives as civilian objects: in the DPR - as children's toys, in Zaporozhye - as vapes," Alexander Mineev, a journalist for the Bloknot Zaporozhye publication, tells Regnum .

According to him, the discarded vapes were discovered in time - no one was hurt.

In general, this enemy technology is not new: barely noticeable but deadly anti-personnel mines - "petals" - were found in 2023 and 2024 even in different areas of Moscow and other cities far from the front line.

"Petals", also known as PFM-1, were recognized as inhumane weapons and banned by the Ottawa Convention in 1999. In 2015, Ukraine, which has one of the largest arsenals in Europe, signed an agreement to destroy such mines. But in fact, no one has eliminated them: the Armed Forces of Ukraine regularly throw them into the Donbass, Zaporizhia and Kherson regions.

There are constant reports of camouflaged mines of various types. And they are hidden wherever they can: the military told journalists about broken tree branches, logs, cans of condensed milk and boxes of chocolates filled with explosives. In March 2022, the RT TV channel published a commentary by Russian explosive engineers who said that during the retreat, the Ukrainian Armed Forces soldiers mined children's swings.

"AN ATTRACTIVE ITEM IN A PROMINENT PLACE"
Disguised mines are also being delivered to the frontline fighters along with humanitarian aid. In January, one of the Telegram channels published a photo of trench candles that turned out to contain explosives. It is reported that such a candle becomes a grenade that a person can detonate themselves.

Moreover, even trusted volunteers collecting humanitarian aid may not know about such "surprises". The author of the posts is called upon: if you did not make the candles yourself, they must be checked before sending them to the front.

Copters left at former Ukrainian positions are no less dangerous - Russian military personnel find not only explosives in them, but also beacons that can be used to track their movements and launch a missile strike on their location.

In addition to our military, the enemy continues to hunt civilians.

In mid-October in Stakhanov (LPR), a teenager picked up a mined toy - a yellow duck, left under a bench near the Pushkin monument. The toy exploded, the boy received serious injuries: shrapnel wound to the eye, damage to the soft tissues of the face and hand. The boy was taken to one of the republic's hospitals in a moderate condition.

Mine warfare is always sneaky: something bright and eye-catching, like a yellow duck, is chosen as bait. The child picks up this "something".

And to attract adults, gadgets are often used: phones, tablets, laptops and other devices.

Even before the SVO, in one of the Donetsk cafes, a vigilant waiter with combat experience noticed that a young man, when leaving, left a tablet on the table.

The situation seemed strange to the café worker: the entire time he spent in the establishment, the young man worked on his laptop, and then he took out and left his tablet on the table.

The waiter, without touching the device, called specialists - they found plastic explosives in the gadget. Any careless touch to the tablet would have cost the cafe visitor his life. Now the demined device is stored in the Victory Museum on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow.

It is noteworthy that even in the textbook of the L. M. Kaganovich Military Transport Academy, published in Leningrad in 1940, it was written that the White Finns used traps "to confuse the enemy and instill in them a sense of uncertainty," but there were also victims among the civilian population. And in Soviet manuals of the post-war period, a list of objects was published that, theoretically, could be used as a casing for explosives: a rat carcass (the British Special Operations Directorate was the first to use "exploding rats" in 1941), a piece of coal for heating a stove, a railway oiler...

THEY TAKE IT OUT ON THE WEAK AND DEFENSELESS
In the statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, a separate section is devoted to those who violate the laws or customs of war.

The first point in the document is the use of weapons designed to cause unnecessary suffering. Camouflaged mines are a perfect example of a weapon that causes unnecessary suffering. Lying unnoticed and waiting for its victim.

It would seem completely pointless. Why terrorize peaceful people? What military sense is there in blinding a child who picked up a toy filled with explosives? There is no sense, but the enemy who scatters mines does not think about it. When he loses on the battlefield, he takes it out on people, bringing pain and suffering to those he can reach.

To take revenge on the weak, to kill the defenseless - this is what cowards and scoundrels do. And the only way to protect yourself from a treacherous and cowardly enemy is to follow basic, but life-saving rules of conduct. And also be sure to tell your loved ones and friends about them, especially children and the elderly.

The rules are really simple: never pick anything up from the ground, don't pick up anything lying around - children's toys, smartphones, anything. If you go into the forest, don't step where you can't see. If you notice something suspicious, report it to the police immediately.

And the main thing is to always remain vigilant and remember that the enemy hunt never stops for a minute.

Link


Israel-Palestine-Jordan
Israel's 2 top int'l law officials take on ICC: Is Gaza ‘occupied'?
2021-01-01
[JPost] Confronting delegitimization of IDF conduct in Gaza, the blockade and closures

Two of Israel's top international law officials have published a rare public article to challenge the International Criminal Court prosecution and others who say that Israel still illegally occupies Gaza.

The article, published in the journal Iyunei Mishpat (Legal Studies) recently but being reported now for the first time in English, is important both regarding addressing cases of alleged Israeli war crimes in ongoing fighting with Hamas, as well as regarding what humanitarian obligations Jerusalem has to Gaza, during coronavirus and other periods.

These issues ultimately have major long-term implications at the national security and diplomatic levels, including whether Israel's naval blockade and other periodic closures of Gaza are legal.

Just as important are the authors: Deputy Attorney-General (International Law) Roy Schondorf and IDF International Law Division chief Col. Eran Shamir-Borer, two officials who have led much of Israel's handling of ICC issues and humanitarian dilemmas with Gaza.

Schondorf rarely writes publicly or appears in public with the exception of specific conferences or at the Knesset, and Shamir-Borer appears even less often.

It seems that the impetus for their article was to address prior statements by ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda as well as a current article by prominent Israeli prof. Eyal Gross in the same journal, declaring that Israel still legally occupies Gaza, despite having withdrawn in 2005.

If Bensouda, Gross and a number of Israeli critics in UN and international bodies are correct that Israel occupies Gaza, it could mean that the Jewish state might be restricted in what categories of force it could use to combat Hamas attacks, let alone protests or riots on the border.

Further, it could mean that any humanitarian crisis in Gaza puts Israel at fault.

When there are debates about Israeli blockades to prevent rockets and other weapons smuggling, these legal questions could have a decisive impact.

Essentially, Bensouda, Gross and much of the international community say that it is irrelevant that the IDF withdrew and that Israel withdrew its settlements from within the Gaza Strip.

Rather, they argue that UN General Assembly decisions, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) guidance, a decision by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and other points prove that Israel can "occupy" Gaza as long as it exerts functional control.

To support their argument, they note that Israel controls Gaza's airspace, maritime borders, wherever there is a blockade, and most of its land borders. Gaza does have one border crossing with Egypt.

They broaden these arguments by saying that Israel's ability to control Gaza's interactions with the outside world means it can also control the economic and humanitarian situation there.

In this light, they say that Israel is also obligated to maintain Gaza from a humanitarian perspective, whether with special needs during coronavirus times or with sufficient medical, food, utilities and other items during more normal periods.

IN CONTRAST, Schondorf and Shamir-Bohrer say that there is no basis to rely on the decisions of the UN General Assembly or other political bodies to decide international law.

Regarding the ICTY decision, they say that critics' understanding of the decisions is misplaced.

In the ICTY case in question, the court was dealing with a situation where a foreign state controlled an internal group within another state in order to impose its will on the other state.
Link


International-UN-NGOs
Bosnian-Croat war chief kills himself with poison during his his war crimes trial at The Hague
2017-11-30
[DailyMail] The Bosnian-Croat war chief who killed himself with poison during his war crimes trial at The Hague was 'easily' able to smuggle the deadly liquid into the building, a prominent lawyer says.

It's still not clear, however, how Slobodan Praljak, 72, obtained the poison while in custody, as he was serving his 20-year sentence in an undisclosed UN prison cell and was driven each day to the court in a secure van for his appeal hearing.

Praljak yelled, 'I am not a war criminal!' and drank a dark liquid from a small bottle seconds after losing his appeal against a 20-year prison sentence at the International Criminal Tribunal in the Netherlands on Wednesday.

'I just drank poison,' he added. 'I am not a war criminal. I oppose this conviction.'
I guess that will show them.
And Besoeker gives us the New York Times’ dramatic report of events, suited to the death of a former theater director.
Link


Europe
Bosnian Muslim commander acquitted of war crimes
2017-10-14
This isn't setting well with Bosnians and Serb, nor with the Russian who see this as a man being acquitted based on his ethnic background.
[RFERL] A court in Bosnia-Herzegovina has acquitted Naser Oric, the commander of Bosnian Muslim troops in the Srebrenica area during Bosnia's 1990s conflict, of war crimes charges.

The state war crimes court in Sarajevo acquitted Oric, 50, of the charge of killing three ethnic Serb prisoners of war in the Srebrenica area in 1992.

Another Bosnian Army soldier, Sabahudin Muhic, was also found not guilty.

"The accused Naser Oric and Sabahudin Muhic have been acquitted of charges of violating provisions of the Geneva Conventions," Judge Saban Maksumic told the court.

The judge said that the testimony of a protected witness, which was crucial to the indictment, lacked credibility.

Relatives of the victims walked out the courtroom in protest against the verdict, which also sparked outrage from the leader of Bosnian Serbs and Belgrade.

"I have nothing to say, the court said what it had to say," Oric said after leaving the tribunal as he was welcomed by supporters.

Oric is seen as a hero by many Bosniaks for his role in defending Muslims during the 1992-95 Bosnian war, in which more than 100,000 people were killed.

Srebrenica fell in 1995 to Bosnian Serb troops who killed more than 8,000 Muslim men and boys there in what is considered Europe's worst atrocity since World War II.

In 1995, the U.S.-brokered Dayton accords mostly ended the violence, with Bosnia being split into two entities -- the Muslim-Croat Federation of Bosnian Muslims and Croats and the ethnic Serb-dominated Republika Srpska.

Republika Srpska's nationalist leader, President Milorad Dodik, said the verdict was "proof that in Bosnia there is no punishment for criminals [committing crimes] against Serbs."

He suggested that the ruling will likely "revive the idea of holding a referendum" on ethnic Serbs' participation in Bosnia's judicial bodies.

Vinko Lale, the head of an association of Serbian prisoners of war, told AFP news agency that Oric's acquittal will "radicalize the situation on the political field."

Meanwhile, the chairman of Bosnia's three-man presidency, Dragan Covic, a Bosnian Croat, said negative rhetoric over the case could be a setback for the country's progress.

In neighboring Serbia, Justice Minister Nela Kuburovic called the ruling "shameful," while Defense Minister Vulin accused the Sarajevo court of "jeopardizing peace, security, trust, reconciliation in the whole Balkans."

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague (ICTY) sentenced Oric to two years in prison in 2006 for failing to prevent the murder and inhumane treatment of Serbian prisoners, but he was immediately released because he had already served the time.

In 2008, the UN court's appeals chamber overturned the verdict and cleared Oric.

Unhappy with the ex-commander’s acquittal, Belgrade in 2014 launched an international warrant over the killing of nine Serb civilians near Srebrenica in 1992.

Switzerland arrested Oric in 2015 on the warrant issued by Serbia but extradited him to Bosnia to face charges, a decision that caused anger in Belgrade. His trial started in Sarajevo in January 2016.
With reporting by AFP, Reuters, and BalkanInsight
Link


The Grand Turk
Turkey puts UN court judge on trial over 'coup links'
2017-03-16
[AlAhram] The Sick Man of Europe Turkey
...the only place on the face of the earth that misses the Ottoman Empire....
Wednesday put on trial a top UN court judge on charges of links to the group blamed for the failed July 15 coup, in a case that has caused anger and held up legal proceedings over the Rwanda genocide.

Aydin Sefa Akay, a top judge attached to the UN's Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MICT), was detained in September at the family home and had been held in detention since.

He is charged with "membership of a terror group" over alleged links to the organization of Fethullah Gulen
... a Turkish preacher living in Pennsylvania whom the current govt of Turkey considers responsible for all the ills afflicting Turkey and possibly the entire world...
, the US-based preacher blamed by Ankara for the July 15 coup bid.

Specifically, he stands accused by the Turkish authorities of downloading and using a messaging app called ByLock which Ankara says was used by the plotters to prepare the coup.

Akay and his lawyers took part in the first hearing at the Ankara criminal court, the state-run Anadolu news agency said.

If found guilty, he faces up to 15 years in jail.

In his statement, Akay denied the charges, saying he was not a member of Gulen's group. "I am not one of them," he said.

According to Anadolu, he admitted downloading Bylock but said he had not used any password to access the system.

His lawyers called for his release, arguing Akay should enjoy immunity due to his status. But the court ordered he be kept under arrest, setting the next hearing for April 13.
Possession is nine tenths of the law.
Akay had been working with the UN international court trying suspects over the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and his detention has paralysed proceedings into an appeal hearing of former Rwandan minister Augustin Ngirabatware.

The UN court has already said Turkey has failed to comply with its obligations and said it would report Ankara to the UN Security Council.

Presiding judge Theodore Meron has insisted that Akay, a former diplomat who was nominated to the bench by Ankara, has diplomatic immunity and has repeatedly voiced concern over the conditions of his detention.

Under a state of emergency imposed after the coup, Turkey has embarked on a relentless crackdown against alleged supporters of Gulen, arresting some 43,000 people.
Link


Europe
Bosnian Muslim military commander to contest extradition
2015-06-12
[RFE/RL] Swiss officials say a Bosnian Muslim military commander who was arrested in Switzerland in connection with alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity will contest his extradition to Serbia.

Switzerland's Federal Office of Justice said that Naser Oric was arrested in Thonex in the canton of Geneva on Wednesday based on a request submitted by Serbia in February last year.

The FOJ will ask Serbian authorities to submit a formal extradition request within an 18-day period.

In 1995 Bosnian Serb forces invaded a UN "safe haven" from where they took 8,000 Muslim men and boys to be executed in the days that followed. Oric, then a Bosnian army commander, was in charge of the town's defense. He was indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for crimes against Serbs but was acquitted of all charges in 2008.

Bosnian Prime Minister Denis Zvizdic said the arrest was politically motivated.
Link


Africa Subsaharan
Gambia dismisses former Pakistani judge from chief justice's post
2015-05-14
[DAWN] Gambia
... The Gambia is actually surrounded by Senegal on all sides but its west coast. It has a population of about 1.7 million. The difference between the two is that in colonial days Senegal was ruled by La Belle France and The Gambia (so-called because there's only one of it, unlike Guinea, of which there are the Republic of Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, New Guinea, the English coin in circulation between 1663 and 1813, and Guyana, which sounds like it should be another one) was ruled by Britain...
n President Yahya Jammeh sacked an internationally-renowned Pak appointed last year as Gambia's top judge, according to judicial sources, appointing a Nigerian as his temporary replacement.

Ali Nawaz Chowhan was dismissed without an official announcement, a source in the west African nation's judiciary told AFP late on Tuesday, adding: "We have no idea why he was removed from his position."

Chowhan, who was a judge for three years in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague, had served just 14 months under Jammeh after he was sworn in on March 6 last year.

Court of Appeal president Emmanuel Fagbenle becomes "acting chief justice" -- a role which he performed for several weeks the last time a chief justice was axed in February last year -- the source said on condition of anonymity.

Fagbenle has been cited by local media as presiding over many high-profile cases in recent years and was sworn in as a Court of Appeal justice six years ago, according to a government release from 2009.

A lawyer in Gambia's capital Banjul described the move as "unconstitutional", adding that Jammeh had no power to sack the chief justice.

"The constitution states that the president shall in consultation with the Gambia Judicial Service Commission appoint the most senior supreme court judge as chief justice," he said.

"Where does Jammeh derive his authority from? Fagbenle is not one of the supreme court judges. "Recent chief justices have not lasted long under Jammeh, a notoriously fickle leader who regularly reshuffles his government and judiciary.

In what many observers say is a sign of insecurity, the president also runs several key ministries himself, including defence and religious affairs.

Justice Chowhan is a graduate of Columbia Law School. He was the second judge from Pakistain to serve as chief justice of The Gambia.
Link


Europe
'I will be acquitted,' Karadzic tells court
2014-10-03
[ARABNEWS] Radovan Karadzic did not know of the 1995 massacre of thousands of Moslems at Srebrenica, his lawyer said Thursday, with the former Bosnian Serb leader defiantly telling the UN tribunal he would be acquitted.

"There is not a single piece of evidence that Dr. Karadzic planned or ordered the execution of prisoners (at Srebrenica), or that he knew about it," his legal adviser Peter Robinson told the Hague-based UN Yugoslav war crimes court.

"In fact they (the events) were concealed from him and therefore he is not guilty of genocide," Robinson said in the second and final day of the defense's closing arguments before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
Link


Europe
Bosnian Serb War Crimes Suspect Arrested in France
2014-04-05
[AnNahar] French police incarcerated
Drop the heater, Studs, or you're hist'try!
a Bosnian Serb former soldier suspected of detaining civilians inside a house and then setting it on fire, killing 59 people during Bosnia's 1992-1995 war, officials said Friday.

Bosnian officials have requested Radomir Susnjar's extradition following his arrest, the war crimes prosecutor's office said in a statement.

Susnjar is suspected of taking part in the June 1992 "killing of 59 Mohammedan civilians, among them women and kiddies", in the eastern town of Visegrad.

Some 66 civilians were locked in a house that was later set ablaze. Only seven of them survived.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia last year sentenced two Bosnian Serb paramilitaries for the same war crime.

Milan Lukic was sentenced to life imprisonment, while his brother Sredoje Lukic was sentenced to 27 years for taking part in the crime, described by the court as one of the "worst acts of inhumanity that one person may inflict on others".

Between April and June 1992, at the start of the Bosnian war, Serb forces killed more than 1,500 civilians in Visegrad and its surroundings, according to data collected by the Bosnian Institute for Missing Persons.

More than 100,000 people were killed during the Bosnian war, while some two million -- almost half the country's population -- fled their homes.
Link


Africa Subsaharan
U.N. Investigators Head to C. Africa amid Genocide Fears
2014-03-11
They plan to stand between the genocidaires and their victims, arms akimbo, shouting, "Stop!" because everyone obeys U.N. investigators.
[An Nahar] U.N. Sherlocks left for the Central African Republic Monday to launch a probe into human right violations in the conflict-ravaged country amid fears of genocide and ethnic cleansing.

The three international Sherlocks will spend two weeks traveling the country, in the throes of bloody Mohammedan-Christian festivities, speaking to victims, witnesses, and the main actors in the conflict.

They expect to draw up a list of suspected perpetrators that could be used for possible future prosecution, possibly by the International Criminal Court
... where Milosevich died of old age before being convicted ...
, which is conducting a parallel probe.

"We have to put an end to the impunity," said Bernard Acho Muna, head of an international commission of inquiry appointed by U.N. leader the ephemeral Ban Ki-moon
... of whom it can be said to his credit that he is not Kofi Annan...
in January.

Speaking to news hounds in Geneva before leaving for Bangui, the Cameroon Supreme Court lawyer and former deputy chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda said he hoped his mission could help ward off a feared genocide.

"We are hoping that our presence and the investigations we are doing will be a signal (that will prevent) the people who are making this hate propaganda (from moving) to action," he said.
Link


Europe
European Court Confirms U.N. Immunity over Srebrenica
2013-06-28
[An Nahar] The European rights court on Thursday rejected a request by survivors of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre in Bosnia to overturn a Dutch court ruling that confirmed the United Nations
...a lucrative dumping ground for the relatives of dictators and party hacks...
' immunity from prosecution over the killings.

The "Mothers of Srebrenica", made up of some 6,000 survivors and relatives of the 8,000 men and boys killed in the massacre of Moslems by Bosnian Serb forces, has for years been seeking a trial of the U.N. and the Dutch state over the alleged failure of peacekeeping troops to protect the enclave.

The group had turned to the Strasbourg-based European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) after the Dutch Supreme Court rejected the suit last year.

But in a unanimous ruling released Thursday, ECHR judges said their appeal was inadmissible because "the granting of immunity to the U.N. served a legitimate purpose".

The court said giving national courts jurisdiction over U.N. operations would allow states "to interfere with the key mission of the U.N. to secure international peace and security".

The Strasbourg court's decision is final.

Srebrenica was a U.N.-protected Moslem enclave until July 11, 1995, when it was overrun by Bosnian Serb forces who loaded thousands of men and boys onto trucks, executed them and threw their bodies into mass graves.

The Serbs brushed aside lightly armed Dutch U.N. peacekeepers in the "safe area" where thousands of Moslems from surrounding villages had gathered for protection.

The massacre, which has been judged an act of genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, was Europe's worst atrocity since World War II.
Link


Bangladesh
Bangladesh & 1971 syndrome
2013-03-06
[Dawn] BANGLADESH is again plunging itself into another phase of political turmoil and violence.

The decision by the Dhaka-based International Criminal Tribunal (ICT) to award capital punishment to two key leaders of the Bangladeshi Jamaat-e-Islami
...The Islamic Society, founded in 1941 in Lahore by Maulana Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, aka The Great Apostosizer. The Jamaat opposed the independence of Bangladesh but has operated an independent branch there since 1975. It maintains close ties with international Mohammedan groups such as the Moslem Brotherhood. the Taliban, and al-Qaeda. The Jamaat's objectives are the establishment of a pure Islamic state, governed by Sharia law. It is distinguished by its xenophobia, and its opposition to Westernization, capitalism, socialism, secularism, and liberalist social mores...
(JI) on charges of war crimes during the March-December 1971 civil war in the former East Pakistain has triggered large-scale violent protests and festivities with police killing and injuring a large number of people.

It must be asked why the Awami League (AL) government of Sheikh Hasina
...Bangla dynastic politician and current Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She has been the President of the Bangla Awami League since 1981. She is the eldest of five children of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh. Her party defeated the BNP-led Four-Party Alliance in the 2008 parliamentary elections. She has once before held the office, from 1996 to 2001, when she was defeated in a landslide...
decided to establish the ICT and try those whom it accused of "collaborating" with the Pakistain Army in the "genocide" of Bengali people during the military operation.

On Feb 28, the controversial ICT found JI vice-president and former member of parliament Delwar Hossain Sayeedi
...Islamic orator and politician. He was a former Member of Parliament in the National Assembly of Bangladesh from 1996 to 2008, and is one of the most prominent leaders of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami...
guilty of murder, religious persecution and rape and sentenced him to death. The verdict triggered widespread protests in different parts of Bangladesh and also invited counter-demonstrations by those who supported the court's verdict.

In Dhaka's Shahbagh square, thousands of protesters demanded "exemplary punishment" for war criminals and a ban on the Jamaat. The tribunal is trying a total of nine JI leaders and two members of the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) for their alleged war crimes.

AL is blamed by its opponents, including the BNP, of transforming Bangladesh into a fascist state by using excessive force against opponents, manipulating the events of 1971 for political consumption and transforming the country's Islamic identity into a secular one.

Because of three major reasons, Bangladesh is unable to detach itself from the events of 1971. First, anti-Pakistain rhetoric has become an integral part of Bangladesh's political discourse. It is one thing which has been used by various regimes since 1971 to remind people of the liberation war and the value of freedom. Dec 16 in Bangladesh is celebrated as Victory Day. In fact, most of the national days celebrated in Bangladesh are based on anti-Pakistain rhetoric.

Feb 21 is celebrated as Language Day to mark the struggle launched in East Pakistain to oppose the imposition of Urdu as a national language. March 26 is celebrated as Independence Day to mark the launch of the brutal military operation by the West Pakistain-dominated regime to quell the Awami League-led civil disobedience movement.

Second, some political parties, particularly the Awami League, which fought the liberation war consider it useful to exploit 1971 for political purposes. By diverting people's attention from 'real issues' like corruption, nepotism and bad governance, the AL government is targeting what it calls 'war criminals'.

Finally, the sufferings caused to the people of Bangladesh in view of the exploitative and unequal relationship with the West Pakistain-dominated regimes have nurtured anti-Pakistain feelings, which persist even after 41 years of independence from Pakistain. The military operation of 1971 alienated the Bengali population of the former eastern wing, and became the source of Bangladesh's national identity. It is perceived that no government in Bangladesh can detach itself from the events of 1971 and the liberation struggle because the survival of that country rests predominantly on keeping these memories alive.

The BNP and other opposition parties in Bangladesh have alleged that the AL, by pursuing a policy of vendetta, wants to eliminate political opponents before the next elections, due in December 2013. By augmenting the level of political polarisation and targeting religious parties, particularly the Jamaat, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has caused her country to plunge into a serious crisis.

There have been reported attacks on Hindu temples and two Hindu leaders of AL were recently targeted. Islamists in Bangladesh blame India for sponsoring demonstrations supporting the ICT's verdict against JI leaders. Furthermore, the recent killing of an anti-Islam blogger by five university students and the demand made by Islamic parties to hang other bloggers on charges of blasphemy also indicate a surge of religious extremism in Bangladesh.

Steps taken by the AL government in the last few years to reverse the process of Islamisation by military dictators, generals Ziaur Rehman and Hossein Mohammad Ershad, during the late 1970s and 1980s have also deepened the conflict between Islamists and secularists.

Putting the matter in historical perspective, in 1974, as a result of Pakistain's recognition of Bangladesh and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's visit to Lahore for the Second Islamic Summit Conference in Feb 1974, Dhaka agreed not to press for the trial of 195 Pak prisoners of war -- jugged
Book 'im, Mahmoud!
in Indian PoW camps -- on charges of war crimes.

Pakistain has expressed regret to Bangladesh about the excesses committed during 1971 but has so far refused to tender a full apology. Therefore, one way to keep the issue of 1971 alive was to try the Bengali nationals, termed collaborators, who primarily belonged to the Al Badr and Al Shams wings of Jamaat-e-Islami.

One plausible way to deal with the 1971 syndrome is to start the process of reconciliation by forming an independent commission to thoroughly investigate excesses committed during the military operation of 1971 by the Pakistain Army as well as the killings of non-Bengalis in East Pakistain by armed Bengalis and the Mukti Bahini.

The proposed commission, which can be called the Bangladesh-Pakistain Truth and Reconciliation Commission, will help heal the wounds of 1971 in Bangladesh and in Pakistain and will also help improve relations between the two South Asian countries.
Link



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