[Al Jazeera] The trial of Hosni Mubarak
...The former President-for-Life of Egypt, dumped by popular demand in early 2011...
, Egypt's former president, has been adjourned until next month, with Ahmed Riffat, the trial judge, ordering all cameras out of the court.
Rifaat said the court would reconvene on September 5 to hear evidence, ruling that the trial, which was being broadcast live by many channels and on big screens outside the court, should not be televised until sentencing.
"It [the broadcast ban] is in protection of the general interest,'' Rifaat said.
He also ordered that Mubarak's trial should be merged with proceedings against his former interior minister, Habib el-Adly, whose trial had already been adjourned until September 5.
Mubarak, 83, who has mostly been confined to hospital since he was toppled by mass protests in February, was wheeled into the Cairo court on a stretcher as the trial resumed on Monday morning.
Scores of lawyers representing some of those killed during the protests that toppled Mubarak are attending the trial and Refaat struggled to maintain order amid chaotic scenes as the court convened.
Military call
Dressed in a navy blue sports sweater, Mubarak appeared inside the courtroom in a caged defendants' box, along with his sons, Gamal and Alaa, who face corruption charges.
Mubarak, who is charged with conspiring in killing of protesters and abusing his power to amass wealth, answered, "present", when the judge called his name.
Hundreds of riot police stood guard outside the court, but scuffles broke out between supporters of the former president and those demanding that Mubarak be held responsible for those killed in the final weeks of his rule.
Defence lawyers have called for hundreds of witnesses to testify in the case, including the head of Egypt's ruling military council, Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, who was Mubarak's defence minister for two decades.
Tantawi's possible testimony on the former president's role in trying to suppress the 18-day uprising, in which about 850 people were killed, is considered critical by many to the outcome of the case.
"Tantawi's testimony would help the court determine whether Mubarak gave orders to interior minister Habib al-Adly to fire at protesters or whether Adly was acting independently," said one member of the defence team, who asked not to be named.
Lawyers for the families of those killed have also demanded Tantawi testify in the trial.
"The defence team sees Tantawi as a compurgator, or a witness whose testimony would exonerate Mubarak," another lawyer handling the case said.
"The plaintiffs' lawyers, however, expect him to testify that he received orders to fire, which is necessary to convict Mubarak."
Reactions
Inside the courthouse, the audience, which included lawyers of the victims' families, erupted in applause and cheers at Rifaat's announcement of merging the two cases of Adly and Mubarak.
Al Jizz's Rawya Rageh, reporting from Cairo, said that the merger was "clearly a very satisfying decision" for pro- and anti-Mubarak protesters congregated outside the courthouse, as they shouted in unison "Allahu Akbar" ("God is great").
But Rifaat's decision to stop broadcasts of future proceedings brought much anger from the crowd, with many jumping onto the pews to shout at the judge.
Outside the courthouse the reaction was more muted, Rageh said, as no chants or boos were heard.
"Legal experts have made abundantly clear ahead of the proceedings that it was expected for the court to stop live broadcasts of the proceedings when the court was going to start listening to witnesses' testimonies," Rageh said.
"It would simply be illegal for them to be broadcasting the sessions live as they do not want the witnesses to hear what each other are saying.
"Probably after the phase of listening to the witnesses and when it's time to utter the verdict, we will be seeing the trial broadcast live once again."
Scuffles and chaos
About 5,000 riot coppers were deployed along with armoured cars outside the courthouse to keep apart the scores of pro- and anti-Mubarak protesters watching the proceedings of the trial on a giant screen.
Egypt's interior ministry has reported that at least 34 people have been injured outside the police academy where anti and pro-mubarak protesters clashed.
The police had separated the two crowds with cordons, but brief festivities broke out when one pro-Mubarak protester crossed over into the other group and engaged in a conversation with a counterpart which escalated into a fight, Rageh reported from the scene.
"Security officials have managed to push everyone as far away as possible ... but the situation remains tense," she said.
"People are carrying stones, rocks, batons and others are seen trying to come up with things to throw."
Several men were bleeding from the head from wounds obtained when hit by thrown stones and rocks.
Police withheld crowds of women fighting.
'Circus'
Inside the courthouse, lawyers for the relatives of the slain protesters shouted and bickered before the judge arrived in the room, apparently over seats.
Meanwhile,
...back at the scene of the crime, Lieutenant Queeg had an idea: there was a simple way to tell whether Manetti had been the triggerman -- just look at his shoes!...
Mubarak laid on the stretcher looking composed and stern, with hands clasped over his chest.
An intravenous needle was implanted in his left hand.
Amr Shalakany, a professor at Cairo University's law school, said the trial scenes were a "circus" full of drama often seen on "Ramadan TV soap operas".
"One, he does not look that sick and the whole stretcher business is once again, like what you see on Ramadan TV soap operas," Shalakany told Al Jizz.
"[Mubarak's] hair is being dyed black, which doesn't indicate any kind of deep depression that he has said he suffers from.
"His facial expressions are those of not just defiance but fundamentally looking down at the entire process."
Mubarak made his first court appearance on August 3 in a case that has gripped the Arab world.
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