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Southeast Asia

Thai delegation studies appeasement in Aceh

2012-02-25

A Thai government delegation has visited Aceh province in Indonesia to study the peace process and the implementation of sharia law. The three-day visit was to get input from the Aceh provincial administration so that the lessons learned can be applied in Thailand, particularly in the southern provinces of the country, where people have been fighting for autonomy and sharia law. Narumon Siriwat, a delegation member representing the Thai senate said, "We want to know exactly how the people of Aceh, especially the disputing parties such as the Free Aceh Movement [GAM] and the Indonesian government, could make peace and sit together now." "We wish to transfer the knowledge achieved by the people of Aceh to our citizens in the south," Narumon added. In the meeting between the delegation and members of the Aceh Legislative Council, members from the Thai delegation asked a number of questions about the peace process, including the reasons why GAM demanded independence from the Indonesia. Legislative council member Adnan Beuransyah, a former GAM member, responded by saying, "The conflict ensued from the Dutch era, when they attempted to rule the Aceh kingdom. However, since Indonesia’s independence, Aceh was unilaterally handed over to the Indonesian government and Aceh became a part of Indonesia." In addition to Aceh’s historical resistance to the central government, the delegation was also told about prominent separatist figure Hasan Di Tiro, who formed the Free Aceh Movement in 1976 to fight for independence, leading to armed conflict between GAM and Indonesia. The Thai delegation also asked about the implementation of sharia law in Aceh. Delegation head Narong Vongsumits asked, "Has the Islamic sharia been implemented long ago, or ever since the peace pact was signed in 2005?" Hasbi replied that sharia law has been enforced in Aceh since the signing of the peace treaty in 2005. Although sharia law was one of the regional autonomous rights in Aceh, its implementation was still in a transitional stage. Hasbi said, "In several aspects we have implemented Islamic sharia, but in other aspects we still use the national law."

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GAM founder dies at 85

2010-06-04

[Straits Times] THE founder of Aceh's separatist rebel movement died aged 85 after two weeks in an intensive care unit on Sumatra island, an official said on Thursday. Free Aceh Movement (GAM) founder Hassan di Tiro returned to Indonesia in October 2008 after nearly nearly 30 years in exile in Sweden and a war that killed thousands of people. 'Hassan di Tiro passed away at 12.20 pm (1.20 pm Singapore time) at the age of 85 in the hospital,' Muchsalmina, spokesman for Aceh Transitional Committee (KPA) which replaced GAM, told AFP. Di Tiro's declaration of independence from Indonesia in 1976 sparked a three-decade civil war that claimed 15,000 lives and left deeply Islamic Aceh, on the northern tip of Sumatra island, in ruins. But it was the terrible devastation of the Asian tsunami, which killed about 170,000 people in the province, that prompted Di Tiro and other GAM leaders to agree to a 2005 autonomy pact with Indonesia.

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Southeast Asia

Bali's successors issue new call for jihad

2010-03-25

During its long and bloody history in Indonesia – which includes a string of deadly bombings, among them the 2002 attack on the Bali beach resort – Jemaah Islamiyah has been called many things: terrorists, murderers, allies of Osama bin Laden. But until this month, no one had ever called them weak-kneed. But in a video analysts say heralds the formation of an even more extreme organization in Indonesia, the group that killed 202 people in Bali and is suspected of carrying out subsequent attacks on foreign-owned hotels and the Australian embassy in Jakarta is taunted by assault rifle-wielding men as having lost its stomach for holy war. “To all members of Jemaah Islamiyah, unite! Jihad is not waged with pens or wearing prayer caps and sarongs,' one militant says to the camera, his face obscured by an editor. “No, you fight jihad with weapons. Before your hair goes grey with age, join us!' He goes on to call out one moderate leader of Jemaah Islamiyah by name, saying all he does is “sit in an office.' The 75-minute video, posted online by a group that calls itself al-Qaeda in Aceh, is similar in style to those produced by the main al-Qaeda network based in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Militants are shown firing weapons and going through physical training. Clips from Mr. bin Laden's speeches are interspersed with calls for the establishment of an Islamic state in Indonesia. Two weeks before the video was posted online, a special unit of the Indonesian police raided what they called a “terrorist training camp' deep in the forests of the province of Aceh, the westernmost point of Indonesia, a sprawling archipelago with the world's largest population of Muslims. But while the police operations – which captured dozens of assault rifles and hand grenades, as well as cash and fake identification papers – were a blow to al-Qaeda in Aceh, discoveries made at the camp revealed how dangerous the new group may be. While underscoring the split within Jemaah Islamiyah, which fractured under police pressure after the Bali bombings, the evidence suggests a new unity among Indonesia's extremist groups, analysts say. Those caught or killed at the training camp included several hardline members of Jemaah Islamiyah, as well as fighters from at least five other militant factions that had never previously found common cause. Little bomb-making material was discovered at the camp, leading to speculation that the group may have ruled out future Bali-style attacks, which have been divisive among jihadis, since many of those killed in such mass bombings have been Muslims. The group appeared instead to have been training to carry out targeted assassinations or perhaps military-style assaults similar to the 2008 attacks on foreign hotels and other targets in the Indian city of Mumbai. The group's weaponry was apparently supplied by a member who was also a Jakarta police officer with access to firearms slated for disposal. “It's a coming together of most of the main jihadi groups [in Indonesia], with the exception of Jemaah Islamiyah,' said Sidney Jones, a Jakarta-based analyst for the International Crisis Group. “It was really a composite group of people who seem to have agreed on a lowest common denominator of what they could all find acceptable. They didn't necessarily agree to carry out [Bali]-style bombings, but they did agree on military training and the need to establish an Islamic state, by force if necessary.' The militants are believed to have been planning an attack on the United Nations headquarters in Banda Aceh, the regional capital, and police are looking for links between the group and a series of mysterious shootings that targeted foreigners in the city last year. “It has become clear to us that Dulmatin had instructed those whom we have managed to capture alive to launch violent attacks against very specific targets,' said General Bambang Hendarso Danuri, Indonesia's national police chief. Despite the new organization's name, Ms. Jones said it isn't clear whether there are any real ties between it and the wider al-Qaeda network. However, al-Qaeda in Aceh does have strong links to Abu Sayyaf, the notorious group that has terrorized the southern Philippines for two decades. Several prominent members, including Mr. Dulmatin and the man believed to have succeeded him as leader of al-Qaeda in Aceh, Umar Patek, are known to have fled Indonesia following the Bali bombings and gone to the Philippines, where they fought alongside Abu Sayyaf. Like Mr. Dulmatin, Mr. Patek is a former senior commander in Jemaah Islamiyah renowned for his bomb-making skills. One of those killed at the Aceh camp was a Filipino fighter believed to have been a member of Abu Sayyaf, raising concern at the ease with which the militants appear to be moving between Indonesia and the Philippines. The new organization is believed to have chosen Aceh for its remoteness, as well as the fact that the semi-autonomous government there recently imposed a version of sharia law. But while those captured include several former members of the Free Aceh Movement that in 2005 ended a 30-year military campaign for independence, al-Qaeda in Aceh does not have the support of the wider Free Aceh Movement leadership. In fact, police say it was Free Aceh Movement fighters who led them to the militant training camp. But while the fledgling al-Qaeda in Aceh may have lost its leader and main training grounds, police say there are at least seven more cells of the organization active on Indonesia's main island of Java alone. “This network still has the capacity to create new cells. This is a very strong terrorism network,' said Andi Widjajanto, a military analyst at the University of Indonesia. “What we are now seeing is the strengthening of the terrorist network in Indonesia, not its weakening.'

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Southeast Asia

Indonesia: Grenade blast in Aceh capital

2009-01-17

(AKI/Jakarta Post) - A grenade exploded in front of a hotel in Peunayong in the Aceh capital of Muslim-devout Banda Aceh on Friday at approximately 6 00 am local time. The blast burnt out one car and damaged two others but noone was injured. Banda Aceh Police chief Sr. Comr. Samsul Bachri said whoever threw the weapon has not been identified. "We have yet to determine the type of grenade. The North Sumatra forensics team is on its way here," he said, quoted by Antara news agency. Bachri said one of the parked cars bore the logo of the Aceh Party, a local political party whose members are mostly ex-fighters from the former separatist Free Aceh Movement (GAM). "We are still investigating the motive for the blast," Bachri said. Uppity Lutherans? In September last year, a grenade was set off in front of that party's headquarters in the city. The police have yet to bring to justice the perpetrators of that incident.

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Southeast Asia

Anti-terror police probe bombing of ex-Aceh rebel leader's home

2008-09-10

(AKI/Jakarta Post) - Anti-terrorism police in the Muslim-devout Indonesian province of Aceh are probing the bombing of former Free Aceh Movement (GAM) rebel leader Muzakkir Manaf's house early on Tuesday. "We are still investigating and checking the type of grenade used," head of the Darussalam Special Detachment anti terror squad, Sutry Hamdani, was quoted as telling Indonesian news agency Antara in Aceh Besar on Tuesday. An unidentified bomber reportedly bombed the house of Muzakkir Manaf, shattering the front window and damaging his car, a Nissan X-Trail 4x4. A witness, Tarmizi, said Manaf and his family were in Lhokseumawe, 270-kilometers away from Aceh, at the time of the attack. Manaf is also the chairman of the Aceh Party. Aceh Party spokesman Adnan Beuransah said he did not know of any frictions rising between the party and other parties. "We truly regret the attack as it shows there are certain individuals unhappy with the peace. We will report the incident to the Regional Police, Interpeace, the European Union and the Communication and Coordination Forum (FKK)," he said. GAM reached a landmark peace accord with the Indonesian government in mid-August 2005, ending a 30-year secessionist war in Aceh that killed an estimated 15,000 people. GAM members were elected to most of the political posts in local elections held last December. A spate of bombings in Banda Aceh in 2007 however raised fresh concern about political instability in the province.

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Southeast Asia

New Aceh Party Favours Progressive Sharia Law

2007-05-01

Ow. That phrase, "progressive shariah," caused my head to spin around 360 degrees. (AKI) - The new political party of the Indonesian province of Aceh, the Partai Rakyat Aceh (PKA), or popular party of Aceh, has set its ambitions high, vying to become a progressive force bringing economic, social and religious reforms. "We want to become the second main party of the province after GAM," its president Aguswandi told Adnkronos International (AKI). However, contrary to GAM, the PKA is in favour of Sharia law. Muslim-devout Aceh is the only Indonesian province allowed to implement sharia-based by-laws. "We are mostly supported by the rural population and women though the party has been formed by local intellectuals, activists, pro-human rights lawyers and the moderate ulama [Islamic religious leaders]," said Aguswandi, a longtime human rights activist. "Really mostly a grass-roots thing. We've seen the reports of shadowy bearded foreigners lurking about with dumptrucks full of cash, fully kitted-out mobile armories and complimentary daycare and immersion language classes for all the youngsters under age twelve, but personally, I don't pay attention to silly rumours. My watch? Why yes, yes it is a Rolex Datejust with the GPS package. I picked it up at the souk...er, Hong Kong duty-free a while back. And now I see it's time to be off. No justice, no peace and all that. Toodles!" The Free Aceh Movement (GAM) is a former rebel group who fought for independence in the province for almost 30 years. Under the Aceh peace accord signed in Helsinki in August 2005, GAM rebels gave up their demand for independence, while Indonesian army pulled out half of its 50,000 troops and handed over control of 70 percent of the region's rich resources. The accord also enabled the formation of local political parties - a first in the Indonesian archipelago. Though GAM and the PKA have already been created and a third, the Gabthat Party, is planning to do so, their official registration will be possible only after central authorities approve legislation regulating their creation. The PKA president said Monday that his new political force cannot be considered either left or right wing and that it wants "an administration really serving the people where the budget for development is higher than that allocated to cover beaurocracy costs."

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Southeast Asia

Governor-elect under pressure to disband GAM

2006-12-18

Aceh's new governor-elect is under mounting pressure to disband the rebel Free Aceh Movement (GAM), which fought for independence for 30 years. Former GAM rebel Irwandi Yusuf survived war and 2004's tsunami to win Aceh's governorship in a landslide victory last week. Good idea. It's kinda crossing your signals when you're the governer, responsible for civil administration, and also a member of a rebel group. In a dispute reminiscent of disagreements between Papuan separatists and Jakarta over the raising of the Morning Star Flag, GAM has been told by the chief of Aceh's outgoing EU-led monitoring mission to disband within six months. It has also been asked to abandon the flag, which was the symbol of GAM's 30 year war for independence. Though not yet officially governor, Mr Yusuf has already committed himself to preventing the extension of Sharia law enforcement to include cutting off the hands of thieves.

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Southeast Asia

Trends in Indonesian internal security problems

2005-12-30

The year 2005 will end in just a few days. During the year, Indonesia faced quite a number of internal security problems, such as the prolonged communal conflicts in Poso and Palu in Central Sulawesi, the terrorist attacks in Jimbaran and Kuta in Bali in October 2005, conflicts related to industrial relations following the fuel price increases in October 2005 in some areas in Java and so on. However, 2005 was also an important year for Indonesia when the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) signed a memorandum of understanding in Helsinki, Finland, to end the separatist conflict in Aceh. It is hoped that in the near future Aceh will no longer be a "flash point" in Southeast Asia. We also saw in 2005 that Indonesia still has problems handling its internal security issues. Since the separation of the National Police from the Indonesian Military (TNI) in April 1999, which was formalized through People's Consultative Assembly Decree No. VI/2000 on the separation of the police from the (TNI) and Assembly Decree No. VII/2000 on the role of the TNI and the police, there have been problems between the two institutions about who should handle internal security issues. According to Law No. 34/2004 on the military, the TNI has the obligation to undertake military operations other than war, most of which are related to internal security issues, such as handling armed separatist movements and armed rebellions, fighting terrorism and dealing with piracy and illegal immigrants. This is why after the Bali bombings on Oct. 1, 2005, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, in a speech to mark the anniversary of the TNI on Oct. 5, asked the military to assist the government in the fight against terrorism. The military responded to the President's request by offering to reintroduce its territorial commands from the provincial level to the village level. The military also established a new antiterror detachment in several regional military commands, similar to the National Police's Detachment 88. Although high-ranking officers said the military's response to internal security issues would depend on requests from the political authorities (the President), and the guidelines set down in the law, there are still no regulations about when and how the military will assist the police in dealing with internal security. There is also still a question about how to coordinate the military, the police, intelligence agencies, government ministries and other institutions in the fight against terrorism. There are still no new rules of engagement for the military in dealing with terrorism. Apart from that, the antiterror desk at the Office of the Coordinating Minister for Social, Legal and Political Affairs has not been upgraded to become a national antiterror board able to coordinate the fight against terrorism. It is necessary that the President do something about this issue. However, if the military reestablishes its territorial command structure down to the village level, it will be a waste of money and resources. It is better for the military to focus on promoting a maritime strategy to face security threats related to transnational crimes or any conflict related to boundary disputes, such as Ambalat, and to guard all of the maritime and land borders between Indonesia and neighboring countries. It seems that terrorism will remain a security issue in 2006. Although Azahari was killed in Malang in November, 2005, another alleged terrorist mastermind from Malaysia, Noordin M. Top, and his followers are still around. There are also quite a number of small independent terrorist groups in Indonesia with no links to Jamaah Islamiyah (JI) or al-Qaeda. Apart from that, there are also a small number of police and military deserters in Aceh, Maluku and Central Sulawesi who are able to destabilize the security situation in those areas or other places in Indonesia. Besides terrorism, it is possible for communal conflicts and conflicts related to local elections to occur in areas around the country, particularly in conflict areas such as Central Sulawesi, West and Central Kalimantan, Papua and Aceh. In Aceh, for example, security forces must maintain their preparedness so they can respond to possible conflicts during elections for the governor and district heads. Apart from that, there have been political activities in Aceh and Jakarta to establish two new provinces in Aceh, namely Aceh Leuser Antara (ALAS) and South West Aceh (Abas), which is not in line with the Helsinki agreement that states the 1956 borders are the official borders of Aceh. Security problems could also occur in Aceh when the government stops its financial assistant to former GAM members. So far, for security reasons, GAM leaders have never submitted the names of their members. It is possible that after the Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) completes its mission in Aceh in 2006, there will be a new conflict between former GAM members and the security apparatus in Aceh. However, if the reintegration of former GAM members into society, the process of making a new law on Aceh province, which has to be finalized by the end of March 2006, the process of holding local elections and reconstruction and rehabilitation in the province all go well, there will be no big conflicts in Aceh. Papua is another potential conflict area that must be managed carefully. Vice President Jusuf Kalla's decision in November, 2005, to postpone the election for the governor of West Irian Jaya were welcomed by Papuans. In accordance with Law No. 21/2001 on special autonomy for Papua, it is up to the Papuan People's Assembly (MRP) and the local legislature to decide whether to approve the establishment of West Irian Jaya province. If these two bodies do so, there will be two local elections in Papua, namely to elect the new governor of Papua province and the new governor of West Irian Jaya province. Although clanism is still part of local politics in Papua, it seems that local elections in Papua will go well. Papuans are tired of conflict, so local communities, NGOs and religious leaders have all agreed to help prevent any big conflicts in Papua. Maluku and Central Sulawesi are two conflict areas where "invisible hands" are still trying to disturb the peace. Although there is still segregation between Muslims and Christians, it is highly likely that both Islamic and Christian leaders in those two areas are trying to communicate with each other and work together to prevent any small communal conflict from blowing up, as happened in 1999-2000. Ambon and Poso are also two areas where the intelligence apparatus is very active gathering information. The problem is how the intelligence apparatus from the police and the military are able to share information about sociopolitical and security conditions in those areas in order to prevent conflict. People in Ambon and Poso are tired of the violence and they know exactly who are the "actors" trying to create conflict in their areas. However, because there is no protection for people who come forward, they are reluctant to inform security authorities about the actors. There were communal conflicts between the Dayaks and Madurese in West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan several years ago. Unless these two communities resolve their disputes and deal with the roots of the problem, it is possible the communal conflicts could flare up again. In conclusion, conflict is possible in a multiethnic society like Indonesia. There is no one formula or remedy to prevent conflict in the country. It depends on local leaders and the security forces to handle these issues, and also the political leaders to decide whether to enhance the police's capability or to use the military to handle conflicts or specific internal security issues such as terrorism.

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Southeast Asia

Last Indonesian troops leave Aceh

2005-12-30

Indonesia's military has pulled the last of its troop reinforcements from Aceh province, fulfilling one of the major conditions of a landmark peace agreement with separatists. The withdrawal of 2500 soldiers on Thursday comes after the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) disbanded its military wing this week. The Finnish-mediated pact ended one of Asia's longest running separatist wars. It was signed in August after talks between the two sides accelerated following last December's Indian Ocean tsunami, which left 170,000 people dead or missing in Aceh. Smiling soldiers carrying weapons and backpacks boarded several ships set to depart from the port city of Lhokseumawe. Lieutenant Anugerah, from the East Java city of Surabaya, who has been in Aceh for eight months, said: "I'm very happy. I have missed my wife terribly."

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Southeast Asia

GAM disbands armed wing

2005-12-29

Rebels in Indonesia's tsunami-ravaged Aceh province formally disbanded their armed wing Tuesday, ending a 29-year struggle for independence that killed thousands so the movement could participate in elections next year. Free Aceh Movement fighters returned to peace talks with the government after mammoth waves crashed into Aceh's coastlines a year ago, leaving at least 156,000 of the province's people dead or missing and a half-million more homeless. The two sides signed an accord in August, and the rebels last week finished handing over their self-declared 840 weapons. Tuesday's disbanding was the next major step under the plan, and it carried large symbolic weight. "The armed wing of the Free Aceh Movement has demobilized and disbanded," said rebel commander Sofyan Daud, effectively ending the separatist insurgency that has killed at least 15,000 people since 1976. "The Aceh national army is now part of civil society, and will work to make the peace deal a success," he said after meeting with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the provincial capital, Banda Aceh. "We are entering a political era now. We do not need weapons anymore." Instead, the guerrillas will participate in April elections in this province of 4 million people on the northern tip of Sumatra island. Yudhoyono renewed his government's pledge to complete the withdrawal of more than 24,000 troops from Aceh by Dec. 31. In a tsunami commemoration speech a day earlier, he said the deal was "an example of how a new hope for peace can emerge out of the ruin of destruction." The magnitude-9.0 earthquake that ripped apart the ocean floor off Sumatra island on Dec. 26, 2004, killed or left missing more than 216,000 people in 12 nations. But Aceh was hardest hit, and as tens of thousand of corpses began piling up on the road in the disaster's aftermath, the rebels and the government decided they did not want to add to people's suffering. When they returned to the negotiating table in Finland, both sides made concessions. The rebels agreed to hand over their weapons and, in an about-face, gave up their demand for independence. The government vowed to withdraw more than half of its nearly 50,000 garrison from Aceh and to give the region limited self-government and control over 70 percent of the oil- and gas-rich province's mineral wealth. So far, the deal has stuck with the help of international peace monitors. On Tuesday, both sides played down the prospective threat from a proposal by Indonesia's military chief Gen. Endriartono Sutarto, who suggested sending up to 500 new troops to Aceh to help with tsunami reconstruction. Yudhoyono said any additional troops would number less than 1,000, and they would be engineers to build roads and bridges. "This deployment should not disturb the ongoing peace process," he said. A senior rebel negotiator, Irwandi Yusuf, said such a deployment would breach the peace accord, and he believed it would not happen. "I'm not saying it will threaten the peace process if it goes ahead, but it shouldn't happen," Yusuf told The Associated Press. Aceh's conflict first erupted in 1873 when Dutch colonialists occupied the previously independent sultanate. The Acehnese assisted Indonesia's successful 1945-49 war of independence against the Dutch, but launched a decade-long uprising in the early 1950s — this time against Jakarta's rule. The current rebellion began in 1976. A previous attempt to end the bloodshed collapsed in 2003 after the Indonesian military kicked out foreign observers and restarted combat operations against the rebels.

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Southeast Asia

Aceh Rebels Disband Armed Wing

2005-12-27

BANDA ACEH, Indonesia (AP) - Indonesia's Aceh rebels formally disbanded their armed wing on Tuesday in a major step toward ending one of Asia's longest separatist conflicts. The announcement came shortly after rebel representatives met with Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh province. ``The Acehnese national army, or the armed wing of the Free Aceh Movement, has demobilized and disbanded,'' Sofyan Daud, a former rebel commander, told reporters. ``The Aceh national army is now part of civil society, and will work to make the peace deal a success.'' Since the signing of a peace agreement in August, the former fighters have handed in all of their self-declared 840 arms and the Indonesian military has withdrawn nearly 20,000 troops from Aceh - with hundreds more scheduled to leave before the month's end. 840? How many thousands are buried in the jungle for future use? With the sensitive phase of disarmament and decommissioning near completion, the government will start preparing laws giving the rebels the right to form a political party and cementing the region's right to greater autonomy and control of its natural resources.

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Southeast Asia

Peace Process in Indonesia's Aceh Is Working, Crisis Group Says

2005-12-14

The peace process between the Indonesian government and rebels in Aceh province is working, with rebels handing in more weapons than planned and prisoners released ahead of schedule, the International Crisis Group said. ``There are serious challenges ahead, most importantly the reintegration'' of rebel fighters, Gareth Evans, president of the Brussels-based crisis group said, according to an e-mailed report. ``What has been achieved so far is a real credit'' to the government and rebels. Reintroducing former rebels to civilian life and Indonesia's parliament approving a law that would allow the rebel Free Aceh Movement to become a political party are the main obstacles to overcome, the group said in its report. Indonesia's government and the rebel movement known as GAM signed a peace accord in August in their third attempt in four years to end a conflict that has killed more than 12,000 people in the Southeast Asian nation since 1976. Peace talks began this year after the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left more than 165,000 people dead or missing in Indonesia's western-most province. The peace accord will help Aceh get more autonomy and greater control over revenue from oil and gas in the province, which accounts for 5.5 percent of Indonesia's gas reserves. Aceh lies on the northern part of Sumatra island, where ancestors of the rebels once fought Dutch colonial rulers. No link, but I saw an article the other day that nature is taking its course and Aceh is expecting quite the baby boom in the next year. They've had mass weddings in the camps and are getting right down to the business of rebuilding a lost generation.

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