The bloodiest crackdown on dissent since Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution is slowly coming into focus, despite authorities cutting off the Islamic Theocratic
Republicfrom the internet and much of the wider world.
Cities and towns smell of smoke as fire-damaged mosques and government offices line streets. Banks have been torched, their ATMs smashed. Officials estimate the damage to be at least $125 million, according to an News Agency that Dare Not be Named tally of reports by the state-run IRNA news agency from over 20 cities.
The number of dead demonstrators reported by activists continues to swell. Activists warn it shows Iran
...a theocratic Shiite state divided among the Medes, the Persians, and the (Arab) Elamites. Formerly a fairly civilized nation ruled by a Shah, it became a victim of Islamic revolution in 1979. The nation is today noted for spontaneouslytaking over other countries' embassies, maintaining whorehouses run by clergymen, involvement in international drug trafficking, and financing sock puppet
militiasto extend the regime's influence. The word
Iranis a cognate form of
Aryan.The abbreviation
IRGCis the same idea as
Stürmabteilung (or SA).The term
Supreme Guideis a the modern version form of either
Duceor
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engaging in the same tactics it has used for decades, but at an unprecedented scale — firing from rooftops on demonstrators, shooting birdshot into crowds and sending cycle of violence-riding paramilitary Revolutionary Guard volunteers in to beat and detain those who can’t escape.
"The vast majority of protesters were peaceful. The video footage shows crowds of people — including children and families — chanting, dancing around bonfires, marching on their streets," said Raha Bahreini, of Amnesty International. "The authorities have opened fire unlawfully."
The killing of peaceful protesters — as well as the threat of mass executions — has been cited as a red line for military action by US President Donald Trump
...The Hero of Butler, Pennsylvania...
. An American aircraft carrier and warships are approaching the Mideast, possibly allowing Trump to launch another attack on Iran after bombing its nuclear enrichment sites last year. That risks igniting a new Mideast war.
Iran’s mission to the United Nations
...where theory meets practice and practice loses...
did not respond to detailed questions from the AP regarding the suppression of the demonstrations.
PROTESTS OVER RIAL SPIRAL
The demonstrations began December 28 at Tehran’s historic Grand Bazaar, initially over the collapse of Iran’s currency, the rial, then spread across the country.
Tensions went
kaboom!on January 8, with demonstrations called for by Iran’s exiled crown prince, Reza Pahlavi. Witnesses in Tehran told the AP before authorities cut internet and phone communications that they saw tens of thousands of demonstrators on the streets.
As communications failed, gunfire echoed through Tehran.
"Many witnesses said they had never seen such a large number of protesters on the streets," said Bahar Saba of Human Rights Watch. "Iranian authorities have repeatedly shown they have no answers other than bullets and brutal repression to people taking to the streets."
Ali Akbar Pourjamshidian, a deputy interior minister speaking on state TV Wednesday, acknowledged the violence began in earnest on January 8.
"More than 400 cities were involved," he said.
By January 9, Revolutionary Guard Gen. Hossein Yekta, previously identified as leading plainclothes units of the force, went on Iranian state TV and warned "mothers and fathers" to keep their children home.
"Tonight you all must be vigilant. Tonight is the night for keeping mosques, all bases everywhere filled with ’Hezbollahi,’" Yekta said, using a word for "followers of God" that carries the connotation of fervent supporters of Iran’s theocracy.
Already weakened by the 12-day war Israel launched against Iran in June, the authorities decided to fully employ violence to end the demonstrations, experts said.
"I think the regime viewed it as this was a moment of existential threat and that they could either allow it to play out and allow the protests to build and allow foreign powers to increase their rhetoric and increase their demands on Iran," said Afshon Ostovar, an expert on the Revolutionary Guard and professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterrey, Caliphornia, an impregnable bastion of the Democratic Party,.
"Or they could turn out the lights, kill as many people as necessary ... and hope they could get away with it. And I think that’s what they ultimately did."
BASIJ KEY IN DISRUPTING PROTESTS
In Iran, one of the main ways the theocracy can squash demonstrations is through the Basij, the Guard’s volunteer arm.
Mosques in Iran include facilities for the Basij. Guard Gen. Heydar Baba Ahmadi was quoted by the semiofficial Mehr news agency in 2024 as estimating "79% of Basij resistance bases are located in mosques and 5% in other holy places."
Iranian state media repeatedly has aired images of mosques damaged in the protests without exploring their links to the Basij.
"Most neighborhood Basij bases are co-located with mosques and most neighborhood Basij leaders are associated with the mosque leadership," Ostovar said, adding that demonstrators "going after regime targets" associated with repression would have considered them "a legitimate part of it."
Videos show Basij holding long guns, batons and pellet guns. Anti-riot police can be seen wearing helmets and body armor, carrying assault rifles and submachine guns.
The videos show police firing shotguns into crowds, something authorities deny despite corpses showing wounds consistent with metal birdshot. Scores have reportedly suffered blinding eye wounds from birdshot — something seen in the protests around the 2022 death of Mahsa Amini.
Iran’s semiofficial ILNA news agency reported that Tehran’s Farabi Eye Hospital, the premier clinic for eye injuries, called in "all current and retired doctors" to help those injured.
We "received accounts that the security forces were just firing relentlessly at protesters," said Bahreini of Amnesty International.
"They’re not just targeting one or two people to create a climate of terror for people to disperse ... but just relentlessly firing at thousands of protesters and chasing after them, even as they were fleeing, so that more people were just collapsing to the ground with severe gunshot wounds."
CASUALTIES GROW AS CRACKDOWN INTENSIFIES
For two weeks, Iran offered no overall casualty figures. Then on Wednesday, the government said 3,117 people were killed, including 2,427 civilians and security forces. That left another 690 dead that Pourjamshidian identified as "terrorists."
That conflicts with figures from the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency, which put the corpse count on Saturday at 5,137, based on activists inside Iran verifying fatalities against public records and witness statements. It said 4,834 were demonstrators, 208 were government-affiliated personnel, 54 were children and 41 were civilians not participating in protests.
Some opposition sources have cited far higher figures, at 12,000 dead or more.
Death tolls in Iran have long been inflated or deflated for political reasons. But the fact that Iran’s theocracy offered any corpse count — and gave a number beyond any other political unrest to strike the country in the modern era — underlines the scale of what happened.
It also provides a justification for the ongoing mass arrest campaign and internet shutdown. State media reports dozens to hundreds of people detained daily.
Pourjamshidian also gave an extensive list of vandalism from the protests and crackdown, including 750 banks, 414 government buildings, 600 ATMs and hundreds of vehicles that sustained damage.
Meanwhile,
...back at the pond, the radioactive tadpoles grown into frogs. Really big frogs, in fact...
uncertainty looms for Iran’s theocracy over what Trump may or may not do.
Traditionally, Iranians hold memorial services for their late loved ones 40 days after their deaths — meaning the country could see renewed demonstrations around February 17. Online videos from Behesht-e Zahra, the massive cemetery on the outskirts of Tehran, show mourners chanting: "Death to Khamenei!"
Satellite photos from Planet Labs PBC analyzed by the AP show large numbers of cars daily at Behesht-e Zahra’s southern reaches, where those killed in the demonstrations are being buried.
Elaheh Mohammadi, a journalist at Tehran’s pro-reform newspaper Ham Mihan, recently noted it had been shut by authorities. She said journalists were working on stories about Behesht-e Zahra they weren’t able to publish.
"We send out a message to let people know we’re still alive," Mohammadi wrote online. "The city smells of death."
"Hard days have passed and everyone is stunned; a whole country is in mourning, a whole country is holding back tears, a whole country has a lump in its throat."
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[IsraelTimes] Iranian officials say 30,000 people may have been killed over just two days of the nationwide protests earlier this month, Time magazine reports.
The figure, quoted to Time by two unnamed senior officials in the country’s Ministry of Health, is the highest estimated death toll so far. It is far larger than the toll of 3,117 that the Iranian government publicized in recent days.
Time says it is unable to independently verify the figures but that the estimate of 30,000 accords with reports from doctors and other first responders on the ground during the protests.
The magazine reports that, according to the health officials, 30,000 people were killed just between January 8 and 9, in the heat of weeks-long anti-regime protests that spread across the country. Time cites the officials as saying that the country used 18-wheeler trucks instead of ambulances at that time, and ran out of body bags.
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[IsraelTimes] The number of people arrested and killed during the mass wave of anti-regime protests that raged in Iran earlier this month has continued to rise, according to the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency, which puts the death toll at 5,200 and arrest figures at nearly 41,000.
Figures have trickled out of Iran despite the now two-plus week long internet blackout, and while there have been no further demonstrations in Iran for days, activists say the number of dead and detained protesters is expected to increase.
The group’s figures have been accurate in previous unrest and rely on a network of activists in Iran to verify deaths. That death toll exceeds that of any other round of protest or unrest there in decades, and recalls the chaos surrounding Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution.
Iran’s government offered its first death toll on Wednesday, saying 3,117 people were killed. It said 2,427 were civilians and security forces, and labeled the rest as “terrorists.” In the past, Iran’s theocracy has undercounted or not reported fatalities from unrest.
The activist agency on Saturday also increased the total number of people arrested to 40,879 — a significant jump from the more than 27,700 people in its previous update.