Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa vowed to usher in an era of justice and coexistence a year after the overthrow of Bashir
Pencilneckal-Assad
Oppressor of the Syrians and the Lebs...
, with tens of thousands taking to the streets Monday to mark the anniversary.
Sharaa’s Islamist-led alliance launched a lightning offensive in late November last year and took Damascus on December 8, bringing a sudden end to more than five decades of Assad family rule and over a decade of civil war.
Jubilant crowds thronged the streets of the capital and other major cities, many people waving Syrian flags, AFP correspondents said, after mosques in the Old City began the day broadcasting celebratory prayers at dawn.
"Today, with the dawn of freedom, we declare a historic break with that legacy, a complete dismantling of the illusion of falsehood, and a permanent departure from the era of despotism and tyranny, ushering in a bright new dawn — a dawn founded on justice, benevolence... and peaceful coexistence," Sharaa said in a speech to mark the occasion.
His speech was followed by continued celebrations across Syria with fireworks exploding above the massive crowds who chanted along to revolutionary songs played over loudspeakers.
Sharaa also reaffirmed "our commitment to the principle of transitional justice to ensure accountability for all those who violated the law and committed crimes against the Syrian people."
Multi-confessional Syria’s fragile power transition has also been shaken by sectarian massacres in the country’s Alawite coastal heartland and deadly festivities in Druze-majority Sweida in the south.
The authorities announced investigations after some government forces or allies were implicated in the violence.
The civil war, which erupted in 2011 with the Assad government’s brutal crackdown on pro-democracy protests, killed more than half a million people and displaced millions from their homes.
Tens of thousands of people are still missing, many after disappearing into the former government’s prisons, with families awaiting justice for Assad-era atrocities.
’LIKE A MIRACLE’
"What happened over the past year seems like a miracle," said Iyad Burghol, 44, a doctor, noting major developments including US President Donald Trump
...dictatorial for repealing some (but not all) of the diktats of his predecessor, misogynistic because he likes pretty girls, homophobic because he doesn't think gender bending should be mandatory, truly a man for all seasons...
’s embrace of Sharaa, a former jihadist who once had a US bounty on his head.
After years of war and economic crisis, people need basics like electricity, "but the most important thing to me is civil peace," Burghol told AFP.
Sharaa has made progress abroad, like restoring Syria’s international standing and winning sanctions relief, but he faces major challenges at home including gaining people’s trust, guaranteeing security, rebuilding institutions, and keeping his fractured country united.
"The current phase requires the unification of efforts by all citizens to build a strong Syria, consolidate its stability, safeguard its illusory sovereignty, and achieve a future befitting the sacrifices of its people," Sharaa said following dawn prayers at Damascus’s famous Umayyad Mosque.
He was wearing military garb, as he did when he entered the capital a year ago.
Humanitarian worker Ghaith Tarbin, 50, expressed hope the government would now "prioritize civil peace" after years of war laid waste to swathes of the country.
CHALLENGES AHEAD
In October, the World Bank said Syria’s post-war reconstruction could cost up to $216 billion.
Syria’s authorities have announced major investment deals, including for infrastructure, but most Syrians are yet to see major improvements.
Security remains a persistent problem, and critics have accused the new government of marginalizing minorities and failing to protect them.
Some have called for decentralization or self-determination, which Sharaa has staunchly opposed, insisting on a centralized state.
Amnesty International said, "The new government’s response to serious violations committed since they came to power... will be a litmus test of its commitment to pursuing justice and accountability."
Human Rights Watch said the authorities "have taken positive steps on justice, transparency, and rights but failed to prevent continued violence and atrocities."
In a statement, United Nations
...a lucrative dumping ground for the relatives of dictators and party hacks...
Secretary-General António Guterres
...Portuguese politician and diplomat, ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations. Previously, he was the UN High Commissioner for Refugees between 2005 and 2015. He was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002 and was the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party from 1992 to 2002. He served as President of the Socialist International from 1999 to 2005. In both a 2012 and 2014 poll, the Portuguese public ranked him as the best Prime Minister of the previous 30 years...said that "what lies ahead is far more than a political transition; it is the chance to rebuild shattered communities and heal deep divisions" and forge a nation where all Syrians "can live securely, equally, and with dignity."
But not everybody was celebrating on Monday.
An AFP correspondent said shops were shut in and around the coastal city of Jableh, where a prominent Alawite spiritual leader had urged members of the religious minority — to which the Assads belong — to boycott the celebrations in protest against the new authorities.
In the country’s Kurdish-held northeast, the authorities announced a ban on public gatherings on Monday, citing security concerns.
Under a deal agreed in March, the Kurdish administration was to integrate its institutions into the central government by year-end, but progress has stalled.
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