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Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Saudi Princes Arabia Saudi Supremo 20020513  
    De facto ruler of Saudi Arabia. King Fahd is incapacitated by a stroke.
  Crown Prince Abdullah Saudi Princes Middle East 20030118  
Prince Abdullah Prince Abdullah Saudi Princes Arabia 20020218  
Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud Saudi Princes Arabia 20020309  
Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Saudi Princes Arabia 20040317  
Prince Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki al Saud Prince Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki al Saud Saudi Princes Europe 20031001  

Arabia
Princess Haya Of Dubai Is Seeking Political Asylum In Britain To Save Her Daughter From Child Marriage
2020-03-15
Hat tip to Dr. Steve, who thought this might interest us here at Rantburg. A taste:
[EvieMagazine] Among the biggest Royal scandals you may not have heard of today is the divorce between the ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed Al Maktoum, and his wife, the Jordanian Princess Haya. Even though Meghan and Harry are still dominating the press regarding news of Royals, there’s another significant Royal scandal you need to pay attention to - the story about Princess Haya and why she has fled to the West.

Princess Haya was one of the many wives (#6) of the ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed Al Maktoum. Born of Jordanian Royalty, she is the half-sister of Prince Abdullah, husband of the very popular and beautiful Queen Rania of Jordan. The Jordanian royal family, if you’re unaware, closely resembles the British model: Princes and princesses have patronage, run organizations, and are highly visible. Princess Haya of Jordan, however, fell for a man who ran a very different kind of monarchy, Sheikh Mohammed of Dubai.

Haya married Sheikh Mohammed in 2004 and was known as his “public wife” because she was perhaps the only wife of the Emir of Dubai who was often seen accompanying him on his official royal engagements. Modern and glamorous, she was seen as a natural fit for this role because she represents a more conventionally Western image of women in the Middle East as contrasted to the more stereotypically oppressed, hijab covered women in the Arab world.

But on April 15, 2019, Princess Haya left Dubai with her children Sheikha Jalila (12 years old) and Sheikh Zayed (8 years old) to reside in the United Kingdom. There, she is seeking the protection of the British courts to grant her custodial rights of her children from the Emir because she was said to be “afraid for her life.”

... The reason why Princess Haya wanted to escape is simple: she is a mother who feared for the future of her children. She is a mother looking out for her children. According to statements made by Princess Haya during their divorce proceedings, the Sheikh arranged for their 12-year-old daughter to be married off to a Saudi Prince, a man who was 22 years the girl’s senior.
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Syria-Lebanon-Iran
Saudi Arabia can destroy Iran in 8 hours: Saudi prince
2019-09-06
[ALMASDARNEWS] A Saudi prince posted on Twitter Thursday that Soddy Arabia
...a kingdom taking up the bulk of the Arabian peninsula. Its primary economic activity involves exporting oil and soaking Islamic rubes on the annual hajj pilgrimage. The country supports a large number of princes in whatcha might call princely splendor. When the oil runs out the rest of the world is going to kick sand in the Soddy national face...
’s military could destroy Iran
...a theocratic Shiite state divided among the Medes, the Persians, and the (Arab) Elamites. Formerly a fairly civilized nation ruled by a Shah, it became a victim of Islamic revolution in 1979. The nation is today noted for spontaneously taking over other countries' embassies, maintaining whorehouses run by clergymen, involvement in international drug trafficking, and financing sock puppet militias to extend the regime's influence. The word Iran is a cognate form of Aryan, the abbreviation IRGC is a cognate form of Stürmabteilung (or SA), the term Supreme Guide is a cognate form of either Shah or Führer or maybe both, and they hate Jews Zionists Jews. Their economy is based on the production of oil and vitriol...
in eight hours if they wanted to.
So why don't they do that in Yemen?
Prince Abdullah bin Sultan bin Nasser al-Saud tweeted a video on Thursday that showed some of the Gulf kingdom’s F-15 warplanes in comparison to Iran’s F-4 Phantom jets.

In quotations, the prince tweeted, "Saudi Arabia can destroy #Iran in 8 hours", he would later add, "What is hidden is greater. There is no force in the world that can stand up to our unity, our resolve, our renaissance and thank God."

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Arabia
Saudi Arabia: King Salman's elder brother, Prince Bandar, dies at 96
2019-07-29
[AlAhram] Saudi King Salman
...either the largest species of Pacific salmon or the current Sheikh of the Burnin' Sands, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and Lord of Most of the Arabians...
's elder half-brother, the tenth son of the country's founding monarch, has died at the age of 96.

Prince Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was not an actively political royal within the ruling Al Saud family. He was the eldest living son of the late King Abdulaziz Al Saud.

The Saudi Press Agency confirmed the news late Sunday.

Prince Bandar's sons hold important posts: Prince Faisal bin Bandar is governor of Riyadh; Prince Abdullah bin Bandar heads the National Guard; Prince Abdullah bin Bandar is deputy governor of Mecca and Prince Khalid bin Bandar serves as an adviser to King Salman.
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Arabia
Saudi prince who criticized arrest of relatives is axed
2018-01-11
[IsraelTimes] Prince Abdullah bin Saud bin Mohammed fired from Maritime Sports Foundation after saying detention of princes 'false' and 'illogical'

A Saudi prince who purportedly made an audio recording criticizing the government has been fired as head of the kingdom’s Maritime Sports Federation and replaced by a military officer, according to local press reports.

In the nearly six-minute-long audio that was posted online and published on Arabic media websites this week, Prince Abdullah bin Saud bin Mohammed said the government’s publicly stated reasons for arresting 11 princes are "false" and "illogical."
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Arabia
King tells Saudis to 'stand with us to confront envious foes'
2015-06-11
[ARABNEWS] King of the Arabians, Sheikh of the Burning Sands, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman
...either the largest species of Pacific salmon or the current Sheikh of the Burnin' Sands, Cutodian of the Two Holy Mosquesand Lord of Most of the Arabians....
has called on young people to abide by Islamic principles and reject intolerance.

Addressing the president and bigwigs of the Youth Welfare Presidency and sports clubs recently, King Salman also reportedly said the government would continue to support youth and sports programs.

"Sports competitions should be regulated according to our religious values and teachings that reject intolerance and dissension between citizens. These values also strengthen our allegiance and commitment to the nation."

"The youth form the backbone of nations and play a fundamental role in their progress. We thank God for having young people who are ready to sacrifice their lives for their religion and nation."

King Salman urged young Saudis to become ambassadors for their country, and stand with the leadership to confront enemies that he described as envious of the Kingdom's wealth.

Prince Abdullah bin Musaed, head of the organization, said a comprehensive plan would be set out for young people to take part in programs that protect them from murderous Moslem ideologies.

"We'll organize programs to inculcate moderate Islamic values in the minds of the youth, strengthen their allegiance to the Saudi leadership and nation and spend their time in constructive activities," the prince said.

He said the organization has drafted a plan to improve the Kingdom's participation in regional and international sports events including the Olympic Games. "We have a strategy to prepare Olympic champions."
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Home Front: WoT
Cambridge Mosque Contacted FBI To Identify Bombing Suspects Last Friday
2013-04-25
[DailyCaller] The Islamic Society of Boston (ISB), the Cambridge, Mass., mosque attended by Boston Marathon bombing suspects Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, contacted the FBI to identify the suspects on Friday, April 19, a mosque spokeswoman confirmed to the Daily Caller.
"Please don't hurt us!"
The FBI did not contact the mosque in the four days after the Monday attack and had no communication with the mosque until the ISB reached out Friday.

By the time the mosque contacted the FBI, the suspects had allegedly shot an MIT police officer and engaged in a fiery
...a single two-syllable word carrying connotations of both incoherence and viciousness. A fiery delivery implies an audience of rubes and yokels, preferably forming up into a mob...
shootout with law enforcement in Watertown, Mass., where Tamerlan was killed.

"We were the ones who reached out to them. We contacted them on Friday, once we became aware" of the suspects' identity based on the photos, ISB spokesperson Nichole Mossalam told TheDC.

The FBI first released photos of the suspects Thursday evening.

After causing a previous disturbance in Nov., 2012, on Jan. 18, 2013, Tamerlan interrupted an ISB preacher who had praised Martin Luther King, Jr., calling him a "nonbeliever," before being shouted down by other attendees, ISB said Monday.

A handful of volunteer mosque leaders confronted Tamerlan and told him he would not be welcomed if he continued to interrupt the sermons, ISB said. Tamerlan continued to attend congregational prayers after that and did not cause further disturbances.
As an aside, Breitbart notices that the mosque was founded by a convicted terrorist, and is closely connected to other suspicious characters including a certain Mr. Jamal Badawi:
The Islamic Society of Boston was founded in part by Abdurahman Alamoudi in 1981, according to the New York Sun, and was the first president of the mosque. Alamoudi is currently serving a 23 year sentence in federal prison as he was convicted in 2004 of participating in a Libyan plot to assassinate Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah.

Additionally, according to the Sun, Alamoudi raised funds for Al Qaeda.

In addition, according to an op-ed in the Jerusalem Post co-authored by local pro-Israel activist Charles Jacobs, a man named Jamal Badawi is allegedly a trustee of the ISB Cultural Center. Badawi was an unindicted co-conspirator in the Holy Land Foundation trial.
USA Today, on the other hand, accuses the mosque of creating a path to extremism, and lists terrorists with which it and its sister mosque in Boston have been associated, including the charming Aafia Siddiqui, beloved of Pakistan.
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Arabia
Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Pegs Out
2007-05-10
Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal, the eldest son of King Faisal and former chairman of Al-Ahli Club, died yesterday at the age of 85 following a prolonged illness, the Royal Court announced. Funeral prayers for the late prince were held at the Grand Mosque in Makkah last night. Crown Prince Sultan took part in the funeral prayers along with a large number of Saudis and expatriates.
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Home Front: WoT
Subpoenas Issued in Terror-Finance Probe Spark Secret Battle in Fed.Court
2007-03-22
Hat tip Instapundit. What's been going on with the investigation of Muslim charities in Virginia, including the Sami al Arian hunger strike. Hint: lots!

Dozens of grand jury subpoenas issued in recent months in a terrorism financing investigation of Muslim charities in northern Virginia have spawned a largely secret legal battle before a federal appeals court, according to court records and a person close to the investigation. One of the appeals involves former Florida college professor, Sami Al-Arian, who pleaded guilty last year to a terrorism-support charge and is currently on a hunger strike to protest a judge's order jailing him for refusing to testify before a Virginia-based grand jury.

Court filings indicate that the inquiry into terrorism financing and possible embargo violations began soon after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In March 2002, federal agents served search warrants at more than a dozen locations in northern Virginia, including the International Institute for Islamic Thought (IIIT) think tank. A similar operation Al-Arian ran in Florida, the World Islam & Studies Enterprise, received $55,000 from IIIT in the early 1990s, and an IIIT leader once described the two groups as intertwined.

The Virginia investigation has focused primarily on alleged links with the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas, though the government has alleged that Al-Arian's Florida operation was an arm of a rival terrorist organization, Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

In 2004, a prominent Muslim leader whose Virginia home was searched in the 2002 raids, Abdurahman Alamoudi, pleaded guilty to repeated violations of the trade embargo with Libya and admitted to involvement in a plot to kill Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. Alamoudi, who founded the American Muslim Council and once had entrée at the top levels of the Bush and Clinton administrations, was sentenced to 23 years in prison. In addition, an Egyptian banker, Soliman Biheiri, was convicted on immigration charges and a charge that he lied to investigators about his ties to a Hamas leader, Mousa abu Marzook. Biheiri got two sentences of about a year each and was released in 2005.

Since those cases concluded, however, there have been few signs of where the investigation is headed. The New York Sun has learned that one grand jury subpoena issued last year went to a Maryland-based group that espouses political and free-market reforms in the Islamic world, the Minaret of Freedom Institute. The group's president, Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad, said immigration agents visited his home in November 2006, seeking notes about a panel discussion he moderated in 1999 that was broadcast on C-SPAN. The session, titled "The United States and Iran: It's Time to Talk," took place at the American Muslim Council's annual conference.

Another reason for prosecutors' interest could be that the Minaret Web site says the panel was organized by a Springfield, Va. think tank, United Associates for Studies and Research. That operation was founded by Mr. abu Marzook, who issued a forceful statement deploring Israel's killing of a Hamas spiritual leader in 2004, and, according to the New York Times, was identified by a Palestinian activist as Hamas's American base of operations.

The U.S. attorney in Alexandria, Chuck Rosenberg, declined to comment yesterday about Mr. Ahmad's complaint that the investigation was due to religious bias. However, the prosecutor told the Washington Post last year: "We do not prosecute people because they are Muslims or Catholics or Jews. We prosecute them because they have committed criminal acts that warrant prosecution." Last week, Mr. Rosenberg was named to replace the recently resigned chief of staff to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales.

Al-Arian's attorneys also have complained of bias, alleging that the government lawyer directing the Virginia charities probe, Mr. Kromberg, exhibited an anti-Muslim attitude in rejecting Al-Arian's request to delay his appearance until after Ramadan. "If they can kill each other during Ramadan, they can appear before the grand jury; all they can't do is eat before sunset … I am not going to put off Dr. Al-Arian's grand jury appearance just to assist in what is becoming the Islamization of America," Mr. Kromberg said, according to a defense court filing.
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Arabia
Soddy Cop Killers at Large
2006-12-09
Security forces are still on the lookout for the armed suspects responsible for the killing of two police guards at the maximum-security Al-Ruwais Prison on Thursday, according to Maj. Gen. Mansour Al-Turki, spokesman for the Interior Ministry.

A senior security source also said that the four suspects arrested in a blue Nissan sedan in another incident on Palestine Street shortly after the shooting are not considered suspects in the crime at this time. “No one was arrested in Thursday’s armed confrontation that resulted in the death of two security men,” Al-Turki said. “Security forces are currently investigating the incident to identify and arrest the perpetrators.”

The two dead officers were identified as Owaidh Al-Hudaili and Mutlak Al-Olayani. Three policemen were injured during the confrontation. They were identified as Mishaal Al-Otaibi, Atiyyah Al-Zahrani and Hussein Al-Zahrani. “The first two are recovering at Bakhsh Hospital while Hussein has been transferred to King Abdul Aziz Hospital in Mahjar for intensive treatment,” said a security source on condition of anonymity.

Sayyed Muhammad, an Egyptian working at Al-Ikhwa gas station located at the front of the entrance to the building where the gunmen took up their positions, said that the incident took place at about 3:25 p.m. and lasted about 15 minutes. He said he believed the men discharged their weapons from the second or third floor of the building.

According to the Arabic daily Al-Watan, the attackers targeted the prison in an attempt to free some inmates. The report said that five suspected extremists (two Yemenis, two Pakistanis and a Syrian) were arrested Wednesday and that the incident may be linked to them. Life is back to normal in Jeddah’s Sharafiah district where the prison is located. The Al-Ikhwa gas station, which was shut down soon after the shooting, has since reopened.

The prison shooting took place a few hours before a major football match between Al-Ahli and Al-Hilal teams at Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Stadium south of Jeddah. Many Saudi soccer fans stopped to watch the gunbattle instead of going to the game. Abdul Razak Al-Harithy said he saw security officers had blocked the roads leading to the area. “I was driving my car to drop a friend in the area but was surprised to see the road blocked and did not know the reason. At the same time I was hearing sounds of gunfire,” he said. Muhammad Bilal, a resident of the area, said he was able to return to his house only after things cooled down. “While I was returning from office, my family informed me about police action and movement of helicopters and sounds of gunfire,” he said. “I came back to my house cautiously.”

This is the second such incident in Jeddah in less than five months. Four suspects surrendered to police after a shootout between security forces and terrorists in the Jamiah District on Aug. 21.
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Home Front: WoT
Ledeen: Iran & W.
2006-10-31
“We’ve got a lot of issues with Iran,” President Bush told a news conference last week. “The first is whether or not they will help this young democracy succeed,” he said, referring to Iraq. He said the “second issue” was whether Iran would help the Lebanese government, and that the “big issue” was “whether or not Iran will end up with a nuclear weapon.”

The heart sinks. Can anyone — let alone the president — possibly believe that the mullahs might help Iraq succeed? The only “success” they are interested in is the humiliation of America and the domination of Iraq. Can anyone possibly believe that Iran might help the Lebanese government? The only thing they care about is the destruction of that government, the slaughter or domination of the Maronite Christians, and the creation of an Islamic Republic under the thumb of Hizbollah. And finally, how can anyone possibly believe that the “big issue” is whether or not Iran will get nukes? The issue is American lives, now being taken in Iraq and Afghanistan by Iranian weapons, killers, and managers. This is not new; it has been going on for 27 years, and we have yet to respond.

As I warned both before and after the liberation of Iraq, the Iranians and their Syrian allies, fearing their doom if we succeeded in creating a free Iraq, unleashed a terror war against us and the Iraqi people, just as they had done 20 years before in Lebanon. There is abundant evidence, as Bob Woodward tells us in his latest book, State of Denial.

Here are three examples (actually two; the first and third appear to be the same, albeit 60 pages apart):

Pages 414-415: “Some evidence indicated that the Iranian-backed terrorist group Hezbollah was training insurgents to build and use the shaped IED’s, at the urging of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. That kind of action was arguably an act of war by Iran against the United States. If we start putting out everything we know about these things, Zelikow felt, the administration might well start a fire it couldn’t put out...”

Page 449: “The components and the training for (the IEDs) had more and more clearly been traced to Iran, one of the most troubling turns in the war.”

Page 474ß: “The radical Revolutionary Guards Corps had asked Hizbollah, the terrorist organization, to conduct some of the training of Iraqis to use the EFPs, according to U.S. Intelligence. If all this were put out publicly, it might start a fire that no one could put out...Second, if it were true, it meant that Iranians were killing American soldiers — an act of war...

It’s not the first time we have had information about Iran’s murder of Americans. Louis Freeh tells us that the same thing happened following the Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia. On page 18 of Freeh’s My FBI he reports that Saudi Ambassador Bandar told Freeh “we have the goods,” pointing “ineluctably towad Iran.” The culprits were the same as in Iraq: Hezbollah, under direction from the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence. And then there was a confession from outgoing Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani to Crown Prince Abdullah (at the time, effectively the Saudi king): page 19: “the Khobar attack had been planned and carried out with the knowledge of the Iranian supreme ruler, Ayatollah Khamenei.”

As Freeh puts it, “this had been an act of war against the United States of America.”

Clinton famously failed to respond to Iran’s act of war. Instead, he attempted to achieve a modus vivendi with the mullahs, the kind of negotiated surrender now so fervently proposed by “realists” of the Brent Scowcroft/Richard Haass/James Baker school, supported by Henry Kissinger on his pessimistic days. This sort of appeasement has always encouraged enemies like the Iranian theocrats to intensify their attacks on us and on those of their own people who dare to call for freedom, and so it has proven ever since.

Is it possible that President Bush is not aware of this history? Just barely. Woodward’s account shows that there were at least some policy makers (he cites Zelikow, but there are no doubt others as well) who were very reluctant to pass this information up the line to a president who could be expected to take action after he learned about it. The secretary of State, Colin Powell, was famously unwilling engage the United States involved in support of Iranian dissidents (“We don’t want to get involved in an Iranian family squabble”), and his Deputy, Richard Armitage, actually argued that Iran was a “democracy.” They would not have wanted the president to know that there were daily Iranian acts of war against the United States.

What about the intelligence community? Are they not obliged to inform the president of Iranian acts of war? Indeed they are, but they, too, were concerned about the president’s muscular foreign policy. I was asked by a high-ranking intelligence officer to “take it easy on Iran,” because, he thought, “things were going along nicely,” and in a decade or so we could expect an Iranian democracy. But if we got engaged, “God only knows what will happen.” I suppose he is now one of the happy thinkers who say that Iran won’t have nukes for another decade or so. Worse yet, in December, 2001, Iranians meeting secretly with American officials in Rome, informed the United States about Iranian plans to kill coalition soldiers in Afghanistan. The information was correct, and the killers were eliminated. But in short order, orders were given to terminate all such contacts with Iranians, even though the Rome meeting had produced life-saving information. I can well believe that the preside nt was never told about the Iranian-sponsored killers.

According to Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld, Bob Woodward had eight hours with the president. Did he ever ask if we were at war with Iran? Given the explosive evidence provided in State of Denial, he certainly should have. But if he did, there is no record of it in his book.

Perhaps the question was not asked for the same reason the policymakers and spooks didn’t want it known that Iran was waging war on us: fear of the consequences. For once you put the Iranian question in that context, it’s really impossible to pretend that our “issues” with the mullahs consist of trying to convince them to help freedom in Iraq and Lebanon, and getting them to cooperate in dismantling their nuclear program. Once you are forced to address the facts, all sorts of “issues” drop into the background.
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Afghanistan
Omar, Zawahri vow to fight on
2006-06-10
Al Qaeda number-two Ayman al-Zawahri urged Palestinians to reject a referendum called by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, in a videotape aired on Friday on Al-Jazeera television.
"Don't do it! Youse'll be sorry if you do it!"
Whereas a message by Taliban chief Mullah Omar said that Zarqawi's death will not weaken Iraqi resistance.
"Nope. Nope. No effect. Might as well have stayed home."
"I call upon them to reject any referendum on Palestine, because Palestine is not for bargaining or bidding," Zawahri said, addressing Muslims in general. "Palestine was a land of Islam, and its liberation is the duty of every Muslim," he added. Zawahri also condemned the Arab peace initiative to normalise relations with Israel in return for land, proposed in 2002 by then Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah. He mocked the Saudi monarch, calling him "the custodian of the American monotheistic ideology". He slammed Arab leaders for not helping the Palestinians financially after international donors cut aid to the Palestinian Authority after Hamas' win in January legislative elections.

US experts on Friday were analysing the videotape attributed to Zawahri, but believe it was recorded before the death of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the White House said. Meanwhile, a statement attributed to the Taliban chief said on Friday that the death of al-Zarqawi will not weaken the Iraqi resistance as there are thousands ready to take his place and "even accelerate" the struggle.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Al-Qaeda and Chechnya
2006-03-24
An Arab influence continues to transform secessionist efforts in Chechnya into a drive for an Islamic state. Islam, long part of the region’s identity, however, was not the impetus for nationalistic movement to separate from Russia, underway since the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union. Al Qaeda has funded Chechen rebels and also trained many in Afghanistan, and the Russian government has taken advantage of such connections, labeling all major opposition movements as an Islamic threat. Yet Russia has 20 million Muslims. So Russian President Vladimir Putin has also tried to mend estranged relations with the government of Saudi Arabia, relying on such diplomacy to combat any notion that his government has an anti-Islamic agenda. Author and researcher Faryal Leghari urges the international community to expect Russia to fulfill its political commitment of extending power to the Chechens. Delaying fair elections or the withdrawal of Russian troops could give Islamic extremists more momentum in a volatile part of the world.

Certain dramatic developments in Chechnya have given rise to a perception that radical Islamist organisations have steered the secessionist movement toward creating an Islamic imamat in North Eastern Caucasus, similar to the Taleban regime in Afghanistan. Chechnya today stands at the intersection of radicalism and nationalism. Al Qaeda has funded the effort and also trained several hundred Chechens in Afghanistan

Islam has always been an integral part of its national identity but was not the impetus behind the nationalist movement that started after the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. The politicisation and radicalisation of Islam was a complex process that opened a Pandora's box with serious threats of the conflict morphing into an ethno religious war conflagrating the entire region. An obdurate refusal to change the policies by the Russian leadership has led to the current quagmire. The political stalemate remains with militant Islam threatening any chance of autonomy that the movement may try to achieve.

In this backdrop, it is crucial to understand the nature of the Arab involvement in the Chechen movement as it was alleged to have contributed significantly to changing the resistance from a nationalist movement into one characterised by religious radicalism.

Beslan, the theatre siege in Moscow, plane hijackings and various incidents of suicide bombings are a chilling reminder of the festering conflict in Chechnya which confirm two things: first, Moscow's ineptitude in winning the war against Chechen secessionism; and second, the acerbic reaction of the Chechens to the use of force by the Russians. Russian President Vladimir Putin's declaration to "bang the hell out of these bandits" has led to a worsening of the situation. However, the conflict in Chechnya is not one to be crushed militarily. According to General Aleksander Lebed, Russia is not "fighting terrorists and bandits, but a people".

In 2003, the US State Department designated three Chechen groups affiliated with Shamil Basaev as terrorists, and alleged that they had received millions of dollars from Al Qaeda. Thus, the Chechen resistance movement became forcefully identified with terrorism. The change in the nature of the conflict during the period between the two Chechen wars was a result of deepening religious awareness, reaction to Moscow's harsh policies and atrocities committed by Russian forces, as well as infiltration of foreign radical Islamic militants and their influence on the Chechen command.

Following the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, a number of people rallied to defend their fellow Muslims. Later, following the call of Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, transnational Islamic brigades were set up to defend frontline Muslim communities around the world. The International Islamic brigade, which took part in the first Chechen war in 1994, was set up by Habib Abdur Rehman Khattab, a Saudi by birth. As a teenager, Khattab had fought in Afghanistan alongside Osama bin Laden. Fighting in Tajikistan, Khattab gained a reputation for being a brilliant commander before moving to Chechnya as the head of the mujahideen where he was appointed commander of the operations under Basaev. Bin Laden maintained a close ideological, technological and financial relationship with Khattab. Later, Khattab married a Dagestani woman and lived in Chechnya till his death at the hands of the Russian intelligence in 2002.

Several hundred Chechens were trained in Al Qaeda's Afghan camps and provided with weapons. The Al Qaeda-influenced Al-Ansar mujahideen were considered the fiercest and most organised of the three major groups fighting the Russians in Chechnya. Most of the Chechen suicide attacks — an unknown tactic in this part of the world — were initiated by them.

Ultimately, Khattab's influence with Basaev extended to creating divisions among the top Chechen command that led President Maskhadov to implement an Islamic government and set up Sharia courts. Maskhadov's failure to create law and order, curb high crime rate and control radical commanders, however, led to a loss of credibility in Moscow. His assassination in March 2005 at the hands of the Russian secret service was hailed as a victory by the federal government, who lost a chance to pursue a political process in Chechnya with a key Chechen leader who enjoyed considerable influence amongst the people.

The exact number of foreign mercenaries fighting in Chechnya is unknown, but up to 300 Arabs reportedly took part in the war, according to Russian intelligence sources. The growth of this group's power in Chechnya played a key part in precipitating the second war by an armed incursion into Dagestan in 1999. In their isolated position, the Chechens chose to tap into the resources offered by the Islamic organisations and networks in the Middle East and Asia. The Arab involvement played right into the hands of the Russian leadership. Moscow interpreted all major opposition movements as an Islamic threat and found it useful to implicate external sources for indigenous problems.

In this context, Russia's recent attempts at being considered part of the Muslim world through membership to the OIC is part of a strategy to mend estranged relations with Saudi Arabia. With 20 million Muslims in Russia, Putin attempted to play the Islamic card when he addressed the OIC summit in Kuala Lumpur in Oct 2003. Moscow also sought to reverse perception amongst the Islamic world that it was pursuing anti-Islamic policies especially in North Caucasus. Russia's repeated accusations about Saudi Arabia funding militants and terrorist groups operating in Chechnya, saw a sudden change following Crown Prince Abdullah's visit to Russia in Sept 2003, with Putin lauding Saudi Arabia's role in the war against terrorism and contending that both countries shared similar concerns on terrorism.

Adding to the tension was the assassination of Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev in Doha in Feb 2004, which strained Qatar-Russia relations. Doha had repeatedly turned down Moscow's requests to extradite Yandarbiyev on Al Qaeda links. Besides being implicated in the Moscow theatre crisis, he was more importantly the link for sourcing finance to Chechen militants in the Gulf. Following the assassination, the Russian first secretary in Qatar was evicted and two Russian intelligence agents linked to the assassination were put on trial. The issue was put to rest only after an understanding was reached between the Russian and Qatari leaders, whereby the accused were returned to Moscow.

In light of the current stalemate following a majority of Chechens rejecting the outcome of "pre-determined" elections held in November 2005, the international community has a responsibility of addressing the crisis. Moscow must be pressured to fulfill its political commitment of giving power to Chechens through a complete withdrawal of its troops and fair elections. Isolating Chechnya and relegating the responsibility to Russia to deal as it deems fit is tantamount to a crime against humanity.
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