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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Dozens of Protesters Killed in Kazakhstan; 12 Police Dead
2022-01-07
Kazakhstan articles can be seen here, here, here, here, here, and here.
[An Nahar] Dozens of protesters were killed in Kazakhstan in attacks on government buildings and at least a dozen coppers died, including one who was found beheaded, authorities said Thursday.

There were attempts to storm buildings overnight in the country's largest city, Almaty, and "dozens of attackers were liquidated," police spokeswoman Saltanat Azirbek said. She spoke on state news channel Khabar-24. The reported attempts to storm the buildings came after widespread unrest in the city on Wednesday, including seizure of the mayor's building, which was set on fire.

State news channel Khabar-24 cited the city commandant's office as saying Thursday that another 353 law enforcement officers were maimed in addition to the 12 killed.

Kazakhstan is experiencing the worst street protests the country has seen since gaining independence three decades ago.

A Russia-led military alliance, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, said early Thursday that it would send peacekeeper troops to Kazakhstan at the request of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. Kazakhstan has been rocked by intensifying protests that began on Sunday over a sharp rise in prices for liquefied petroleum gas fuel. The protests began in the country's west but spread to Almaty and the capital Nur-Sultan.

On Wednesday, Tokayev vowed to take harsh measures to quell the unrest and declared a two-week state of emergency for the whole country, expanding one that had been announced for both the capital of Nur-Sultan and the largest city of Almaty that imposed an overnight curfew and restricted movement into and around the urban areas. The government resigned in response over the unrest.

Although the protests began over a near-doubling of prices for a type of liquefied petroleum gas that is widely used as vehicle fuel, their size and rapid spread suggested they reflect wider discontent in the country that has been under the rule of the same party since gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

Tokayev claimed the unrest was led by "terrorist bands" that had received help from unspecified other countries.

Kazakhstan, the ninth-largest country in the world, borders Russia to the north and China to the east and has extensive oil reserves that make it strategically and economically important. Despite those reserves and mineral wealth, discontent over poor living conditions is strong in some parts of the country. Many Kazakhs also chafe at the dominance of the ruling party, which holds more than 80% of the seats in parliament.

Many of the demonstrators who converged on the mayoral office Wednesday carried clubs and shields, according to earlier reports in Kazakh media. Tass later said the building was engulfed in flames.

The protests appear to have no identifiable leader or demands. Many of the demonstrators shouted "old man go," an apparent reference to Nursultan Nazarbayev
...served as the President of Kazakhstan since the Fall of the Soviet Union and the nation's independence in 1991. Contrary to commonly held belief, there is a difference between Kazakhs and Cossacks: Kazakhs have mustaches. Cossacks wear those great big hats. Or maybe it's the other way around...
, the country's first president who continued to wield enormous influence after his 2019 resignation. Nazarbayev dominated Kazakhstan's politics and his rule was marked by a moderate cult of personality. Critics say he effectively instituted a clan system in government.

After the demonstrations spread to Nur-Sultan and Almaty, the government announced its resignation, but Tokayev said the ministers would stay in their roles until a new Cabinet is formed, making it uncertain whether the resignations will have significant impact.

At the start of the year, prices for the gas called LPG roughly doubled as the government moved away from price controls as part of efforts to move to a market economy.

Direct Translation via Google Translate. Edited.
Commentary by Russian military journalist Boris Rozhin:

[ColonelCassad] Briefly about current events in Kazakhstan

1. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the main administrative buildings in the center of Alma-Ata were taken under control during the battles with the pogromists.

Nevertheless, it is too early to talk about full control over the city, even after lunch there was organized armed resistance, which is not surprising, given the fact that after the defeat and looting of weapons stores and weapons in state institutions, thousands of small arms fell into the hands of the thugs.

Of course, all this must be cleaned up as soon as possible, so that later Alma-Ata does not turn into an analogue of the Duma, Deraa or Aleppo, when the issues of eliminating this public had to be resolved by artillery and aviation.

2. Attacks on the TV tower and the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were repulsed, the attackers were killed. Judging by these and other statements of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, today in Alma-Ata the security forces have filled up at least several dozen people.

On rare videos and photos, you can see both shootings and those arrested and the corpses of the pogromists. The overwhelming majority of the locals are staying at home after warnings from the authorities, and they themselves note that there are a lot of newcomers from the countryside in the city.

3. Also issued a warning: all who resist and will be caught with a weapon in their hands will be destroyed. In fact, this is already a complete carte blanche for the destruction of any organized resistance.

Read the scenario of Tiananmen and Andijan, where the political leadership also gave the security forces complete freedom to restore order. By their actions on January 4-6, the rioters in Alma-Ata themselves did everything to make their shooting perceived as a purely positive phenomenon.

4. Contrary to the stuffing that Alexei Venediktov also spread, the CSTO forces are still deploying in Kazakhstan and are not taking part in any suppression of protests, especially since such a task is not even set for them. The protests are crushed by the security forces of Kazakhstan, who are being pulled to the centers of the rebellion. The forces of the CSTO made it possible to release reliable people to strengthen the cleansing units.

5. In a number of cities, protesters say that they are not with the rioters in Alma-Ata, and in general they have already achieved their basic demands: they drove Nazarbayev out and lowered gas prices.

With these protesters, the authorities, I think, may well conduct a reasonable dialogue. The conversation with the characters from Alma-Ata will be short. The authorities also called on ordinary citizens who participated in the protests to go home, promising that there would be no prosecution for simply participating in the rallies. Questions will only be for the pogromists.

6. Kyrgyzstan today could not make a decision on the introduction of troops into Kazakhstan. We were unable to collect a quorum. They promise to accept it tomorrow, with a separate proviso that the Kyrgyz will not participate in suppressing the riots. Japarov said this several times for the deputies and the public. Russia, Belarus. Armenia, Tajikistan. All have already formalized the implementation of measures for the introduction of troops.

7. Erdogan said that he expects the soonest formation of the new government of Kazakhstan and the normalization of the situation in the country. Worried about Turkish business. China also called for an early end to the crisis and the restoration of stability. It is worth noting that all phrases about stability are associated exclusively with Tokayev. Not a word about Nazarbayev, as if he no longer exists.

8. The total number of killed employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Internal Troops was 18 killed and 742 wounded. Of those killed, two or three with their heads cut off.
Oh dear. If true, that’s not good.
The numbers are likely to rise by the evening. It is also reported that 30 protesters were killed at 1500 hrs, but this is most likely an underestimated figure.

Russian Duma wants to leave the CSTO forces in Kazakhstan to protect Russians
[REGNUM] The CSTO forces need to be stationed in Kazakhstan on a permanent basis, including to protect the Russian population. As a REGNUM correspondent reports on January 6, this was stated by the leader of the SRZP, State Duma deputy Sergei Mironov .

"The forces of the CSTO, which are based on Russian units, can become the basis for the formation in Kazakhstan of a system of countering extremism for years to come. One of the most important tasks of this system should be the protection of the Russian-speaking population. In this regard, it is advisable to consider the issue of the presence of the CSTO military in the republic on a permanent basis, " Mironov said.

However, the parliamentarian continued, military units alone cannot solve the security problem in Kazakhstan.

"For this, it is necessary to change approaches to ensuring civil peace and harmony, to create decent living conditions for people, to strengthen citizens' confidence in the authorities," he stressed.

He is convinced that the issue of protecting Russians should be one of the key issues for Russia when discussing security problems in Central Asia and the socio-economic development of the region as a whole.

"I hope that our partners in the CSTO will accept this position with respect and understanding," added Mironov.

[PUBLISH.TWITTER]

Part of the Belorusian contingent is identified as a single rifle company from the Belorusian 103rd Airborne Brigade.
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Europe
Two held for shooting imam in northern Sweden
2012-05-17
The two men, both of whom are in their 30s, were arrested in Skåne in southern Sweden on Tuesday.

They are suspected of involvement in the February 22nd shooting of Obydkhon Sobitkhony Nazarov, who had served as an imam in Strömsund, where he has lived since coming to Sweden in 2006 as a political refugee from Uzbekistan.

According to prosecutor Krister Petersson, both suspects also hail from Uzbekistan.

One speaks English proficiently, as well as some Swedish, while the other speaks only Uzbek and Russian.

On Wednesday, they were transported from Skåne to Östersund in northern Sweden where investigators continue their efforts to figure out who was behind the shooting of Nazarov.

Nazarov is a known critic of the regime in Uzbekistan and came to Sweden along with scores of other political refugees after a 2005 crackdown by Uzbek government troops in Andijan in which hundreds of protesters were killed, although the exact number of casualties remains in dispute.

At the time of the incident, known as the Andijan massacre, the Uzbek government claimed the demonstrations were organized by Islamic radicals.

In the wake of the influx of Uzbek refugees, Strömsund, a town of just over 4,000 residents, has seen a rise in hate crimes ranging from racist graffiti to the burning down of a mosque in the city in 2008.
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Europe
Uzbek Imam Capped In Sweden
2012-02-24
A 54-year-old imam was found shot in the head in Strömsund in northwestern Sweden on Wednesday in what police have classified as attempted murder. Police received a call around 1:30pm on Wednesday afternoon that the man, identified by Sveriges Television (SVT) as Obydkhon Sobitkhony, had been found bullet shot with gun shot wounds.

"He was shot at least once in the head, but there may have been more shots. He was improving for awhile last night but during the day on Thursday certain complications came up which have made his condition worse," Östersund police detective Ted Persson told the local Östersunds Posten (ÖP) newspaper on Thursday.

Sobitkhony, who is known by the surname Nazarov, serves as a holy man in Strömsund, where he has lived since coming to Sweden in 2006 as a political refugee from Uzbekistan.

He is being treated at hospital in Umeå for what have been described as life threatening injuries.

According to SVT, a gun believed to be used in Wednesday's shooting was found near where Sobitkhony lay and around 30 officers participated in the preliminary investigation by combing the scene for clues and knocking on doors in the vicinity.

"The door knocking as yielded positive results thus far," Persson told the newspaper.

However,
some people are alive only because it's illegal to kill them...

local police have made an appeal to the public for more information about the shooting.

Sobitkhony is a known critic of the regime in Uzbekistan and came to Sweden along with scores of other political refugees after a 2005 crackdown by Uzbek government troops in Andijan in which hundreds of protesters were killed, although the exact number of casualties remains in dispute.

At the time of the incident, known as the Andijan massacre, the Uzbek government claimed the demonstrations were organized by Islamic radicals.

In the wake of the influx of Uzbek refugees, Strömsund, a town of just over 4,000 residents, has seen a rise in hate crimes ranging from racist graffiti to the burning down of a mosque in the city in 2008.

According to SVT, there were threats against Sobitkhony but, police were unwilling to confirm or deny the existence of threats directed against the imam.

"However,
some people are alive only because it's illegal to kill them...

there are threats against other Uzbeks who are currently in Strömsund," said Persson.

While local police are running the investigation, both Interpol and Swedish security service Säpo have been informed of the incident.

"For the moment, we don't have any suspects, but we do have some forensic evidence," Persson told ÖP.
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Afghanistan
US seeks alternative supply-route via Uzbekistan
2011-10-23
[Dawn] The United States is trying to increase the flow of non-lethal supplies to US troops in Afghanistan via Uzbekistan as it may not always be able to count on the Pakistain route, a US official said Saturday.

The official spoke as US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
... sometimes described as the Smartest Woman in the World and at other times as Mrs. Bill, never as Another George C. Marshall ...
visited Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, part of the US military's Northern Distribution Network (NDN), following a trip to Pakistain to discuss troubled ties there.

"As a general rule, we're trying to get more (goods) through Central Asia and through Uzbekistan," the senior State Department official, who was accompanying Clinton, told news hounds on condition of anonymity.

"We've always said that we prefer to use the Pakistain route because it's cheaper, it's shorter," the official said, recalling that the northern route goes via the Baltic states, Russia and Kazakhstan.

"But still, it's (the northern route) a good thing to have," he added.

"And again with our (often troubled) relations with Pakistain, we always have to be prepared should they decide to either want to restrict our access or, even in the worst case, close it off," the official said.

"We would be prepared to move north through Central Asia if necessary," he said.

The route from Uzbekistan is a rail link that distributes fuel and other non-lethal goods. He said about 50 per cent of surface shipments take that route.

The Uzbeks however are "sensitive" about publicising the route to Afghanistan for fear that it will prompt "retribution" from the Taliban and other faceless myrmidons in the region, he added.

In February 2009, during improving relations with Washington, Uzbek President Islam Karimov said he would allow the United States to transport non-military supplies through his country as part of the NDN.

In 2005, Tashkent closed the US air base in the country which was used to support US troops in Afghanistan after US criticism of a bloody crackdown on unrest in Andijan in the country's east.

The US official said there were no plans to hold negotiations to reopen the base. Nor were there plans, he said, to increase supplies through Tajikistan, which is a small supply route.

Clinton visited Islamabad on Thursday and Friday to urge Pakistain to dismantle havens in Pakistain that faceless myrmidons use to launch attacks in neighboring Afghanistan, an issue that has put a heavy strain on US-Pak ties.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Uzbekistan arrests 10 after suicide bombing
2009-07-11
Uzbek authorities have arrested 10 alleged militants after identifying a suicide bomber who blew himself up in the eastern city of Anidjan in May, a pro-government website said on Friday. Twenty-seven-year-old Kamoliddin Matkosimov had been trained in Pakistan and recruited Uzbek migrant workers in Kazakhstan's capital Astana, the report said. The 10 young people -- who are now being interrogated -- were followers of Matkosimov and were involved in militant groups' activities, the report said. The suicide bombing killed a policeman and injured several civilians in Andijan on May 26.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Suicide bombing in eastern Uzbekistan kills police officer
2009-05-27
State television in Uzbekistan says a suicide bomber has killed a police officer and wounded several people in the eastern city of Andijan. It said that earlier up to three men used guns and explosives to attack a police checkpoint at nearby Khanabad.

The reports said another officer and a gunman were injured, and that the attackers managed to escape. They are said to have come from Kyrgyzstan. The two countries closed their border after the first attack. The motive for the attacks is not clear, but Uzbek media have speculated about a possible failed terrorist operation. Security services and military reinforcements have been sent to Khanabad.

The Ferghana Valley, where Khanabad is located, has been the scene of several attacks by militant groups in the past. Observers say the rule of President Islam Karimov has fuelled extremism in the region.

Local people in Andijan say that security forces shot dead hundreds of mainly peaceful protesters in 2005. The violence there broke out after an armed jailbreak turned into a huge demonstration involving thousands of Uzbeks.

The Uzbek government has denied there was a massacre of civilians, saying it thwarted an Islamist uprising. It says the death toll was exaggerated, and that nearly all of those who died were soldiers or terrorists.

Also:

Police in Uzbekistan exchanged gunfire with a group of armed men in the eastern town of Khanabad and an explosion was heard, witnesses said on Tuesday. The circumstances of the shooting in the small town on Uzbekistan's border with Kyrgyzstan were unclear and there was no word on casualties. Authorities in Uzbekistan, Central Asia's most populous country, could not be reached for comment.

A security source in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan confirmed the shootout and said the Uzbek authorities had closed the border. "They are dealing with an emergency situation," the source said. "There was a shootout. Other details are being investigated."

One Khanabad resident told Reuters he had heard an explosion in the town centre overnight. He said security had been tightened but there were no signs of unrest on Tuesday.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Uzbek ex-minister on trial for "personal contacts" with Bush administration
2006-05-24
Trial of Kadyr Guljamov, ex-Defense Minister and former Presidential Advisor, began on May 22 as Ferghana.Ru news agency duly reported. The bill of indictment includes eight points. Some charges pressed against Guljamov have to do with the military base of the counter-terrorism coalition in Khanabad. Others are connected with trials of former officers of the Defense Ministry, judged, convicted, and imprisoned in 2003-2005.

Guljamov was relieved of his duties to become Presidential Advisor in November 2005.

According to what information this news agency has compiled, Guljamov was undone by a cable from US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. Forwarded to Guljamov several days after his resignation as the Defense Minister, the cable from his counterpart played a mean joke on Guljamov. The Presidential Advisor was sacked, criminal charges were pressed against him.

The message was just a courtesy, it did not contain anything beyond protocol phrases, much less anything incriminating. Rumsfeld thanked Guljamov for having been so cooperative in military-technical matters and praised the addressee for his contributions to the global war on terrorism and advancement of cooperation between the United States and Uzbekistan.

Despite the "current difficulties" in the relations between George W. Bush's Administration and the leadership of Uzbekistan which Rumsfeld was sure would pass, "mutually rewarding and promising contacts on personal level will be appreciated," Rumsfeld wrote.

Ironically, the cable never reached Guljamov himself. It ended in the hands of his successor Ruslan Mirzayev, former Secretary of the National Security Council who phoned the President right away. Forty minutes later, Rumsfeld's letter was in Islam Karimov's anteroom.

A few words are needed here on President Karimov's disposition towards contacts between his subjects and the US Administration. (It is needed for a better understanding of the chain of cause and effect that followed.) Shortly speaking, Karimov is prone to outbursts of rage whenever informed of any such contacts.

When the armed rebellion in Andijan was crushed and America was horrified by brutality of the government troops, Karimov became obsessed with the idea that the US Administration may orchestrate his physical extermination - at whatever cost.

If the US Administration really intends it or not is anybody's guess. Nobody will ever say anything definite on the subject, at least in public. One thing is clear - that Karimov is not exactly the best favored politician for the West. Which is far from saying that he is the least favored, that is.

It is common knowledge that the West remembers the zest with which the President of Uzbekistan once promoted American interests in his own country. How he had the Russian language and Russian equipment and machinery turned out in order to make American and European investors welcome.

It is only recently that Islam Karimov began castigating performance of US-made Caterpillars in gold mines and extolling BelAZ vehicles. It was the other way round 15 years ago.

The situation in Uzbekistan nowadays is polar to what it was only 3 or 4 years ago. America is number one enemy now, American democracy filth the amoral Yankees are forcing on the world.

Uzbek newspapers regularly feature articles with which the Uzbek authorities hope to brainwash the population into thinking that the United States is out to turn Uzbekistan into its own warehouse of mineral resources and make the local authorities Washington's puppets.

The situation being what it is, Rumsfeld's hints suggesting even a hypothetical possibility of contacts with the former Defense Minister could not help making Karimov wary.

Ever cunning and farseeing, Karimov has never hesitated to move against whoever he thinks may aspire for presidency even in theory. On this occasion, Karimov perceived in physicist Guljamov a rival he has somehow missed before.

Karimov chose to interpret appearance of a purely protocol cable to Guljamov as a confirmation of his friendship with the American authorities. Some observers point out that Rumsfeld would have never exposed any such contacts, close and clandestine, in an official letter. Unless the Americans did so deliberately, of course, just to make problems for the ex-Defense Minister.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
India Enters "The Great Game"
2006-04-26
Editors Note: The Great Game is a term, usually attributed to Arthur Conolly, used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the British Empire and the Tsarist Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia. The term was later popularized by British novelist Rudyard Kipling in his work, Kim. In Russia the same rivalry and strategic conflict was known as the Tournament of Shadows (Òóðíèðû òåíåé). The classic Great Game period is generally regarded as running from approximately 1813 to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.
India is to open its first overseas military base this year in the impoverished central Asian country of Tajikistan - a testament to its emerging status on the world stage. The Indian air force will station up to two squadrons of MiG-29s at the refurbished former Soviet airbase of Farkhor more than 60 miles from the Tajik capital of Dushanbe, Jane's Defence Weekly said, citing defence officials. A control tower is already in place, Indian media reported. The Indian army had a military hospital there from 1997 to 2001, where it treated Northern Alliance guerrillas fighting the Taliban in Afghanistan. The 12 Russian built MiG-29s will be staffed by about 40 personnel and use two aircraft hangars, Jane's said. The base's third hangar will be used by the Tajik air force which is also being trained by the Indians.

Tajik officials would not comment on the reports. Igor Sattorov, spokesman for the Tajik foreign ministry, said: "I can neither deny nor confirm this information. Let's be cautious about this."

India will become the fourth economic power to compete for influence in central Asia. Russia has a military base in Tajikistan and one in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan. The US also has a base in Kyrgyzstan and Germany has a base at Termez, in southern Uzbekistan, both of which are used to assist operations in Afghanistan.

India has stepped up its activity in central Asia, eager to gain access to its gas supplies. Manmohan Singh, the Indian prime minister, is expected to meet with Uzbekistan's president, Islam Karimov, during a visit to the capital, Tashkent, which began yesterday. Mr Karimov has become an international pariah since his troops shot dead hundreds of protesters in the southern town of Andijan a year ago, and Mr Singh's critics will seize upon the visit as an unprincipled play for oil. India currently needs 1.9m barrels of oil a day, but this is forecast to rise to 4m by 2010.

Additional: TASHKENT - Uzbekistan, its eyes set on Asia as its relations sour with the West, agreed on Wednesday to open up its oil and gas sector to India and invited one of the world’s biggest energy consumers to invest in new fields.
Speaking after talks with visiting Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Uzbek President Islam Karimov said his Central Asian state, increasingly criticised in the West over human rights, was ready for a closer energy dialogue with Delhi. “Uzbekistan’s vast oil and gas reserves are attractive to India which needs resources to ensure its energy security,” Karimov said, standing beside Singh in the capital Tashkent.

During the visit, Uzbekistan and India signed three framework agreements specifying India’s role in Uzbekistan’s energy and minerals sector. Karimov said he was ready to offer India new exploration sites under a production-sharing agreement, but gave no details.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Uzbek opposition leader sentenced to 10 years in prison
2006-03-02
TASHKENT: An Uzbek court sentenced Wednesday a leader of a banned opposition group that criticised the violent suppression of an uprising last year to 10 years in prison for economic crimes. Rights groups condemned the trial as politically motivated as the Sunshine Uzbekistan opposition coalition has been a vocal critic of the crackdown in the eastern city of Andijan in which non-governmental organisations say hundreds of people were killed.

"The court sentences Nodira Hidoyatova to 10 years in prison," said Tashkent court judge Zokirjon Isayev. Hidoyatova, coordinator for the coalition, was found guilty on seven charges, including tax evasion, money laundering and membership of an organised criminal group. "The court found that Hidoyatova, while being in an organised criminal group, has committed heavy and especially heavy crimes that have damaged the state," Isayev said. State prosecutors had demanded a 12-year prison sentence for Hidoyatova, who has been on trial since last month.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Last US plane leaves Uzbek base
2006-02-15
The US has flown its last plane out of an air base in Uzbekistan that has been an important staging point for US military operations in Afghanistan. Uzbekistan in July gave the US six months to leave the base, after it joined international condemnation of the suppression of a May uprising.

In a ceremony, troops lowered the US flag and handed to Uzbek officials the keys to the Karshi-Khanabad base. Some personnel remain at the base, which the US has occupied since 2001. "We are still performing some small operations on the base," US Central Command spokesman Joe Vermette told the Associated Press news agency. A Pentagon spokesman said troops had been withdrawing from the base over the past several months. It is not clear when the last troops will leave.

The US and other Western countries called for an international investigation into the events in the Uzbek city of Andijan earlier this year. The Uzbek government says 187 people, mostly "terrorist organisers", died during the unrest. Human rights groups say 500 or more civilians may have been shot by Uzbek security forces.
Thank you diplo-dinks and Human Rights commies for buggering up this one.
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Caucasus/Russia/Central Asia
Putin still backing Karimov
2006-02-02
Russian President Vladimir Putin urged a cautious approach Tuesday to problems in Uzbekistan, warning against reacting in a way that could turn the Central Asian country into a "second Afghanistan."

On the controversial subject of an uprising in Uzbekistan in May in which hundreds of people died, the president, speaking at a Kremlin press conference, said: "We know what happened in Andijan. We know who the people were, where, and in what numbers, that trained those who instigated the situation in Uzbekistan, and in particular in this city. This is not to deny that Uzbekistan has a lot of problems, but it rules out an approach through which we could allow ourselves to agitate the situation in this country."

"We do not need a second Afghanistan in Central Asia. We will act very carefully. We do not need a revolution there. We need evolution."

In answer to a question on Chechnya in Russia's North Caucasus, the president said that the republic had been fully returned to Russia's constitutional sphere.

"The formation of organs of executive power in the Chechen republic has been finally concluded," Putin said, adding that this was one of the main political results of 2005.

"There is no shortage of tasks [in Chechnya] - both economic and social. There are tasks to form organs of central power, but the issue of forming organs of state power has been concluded," he said.

Putin also said anti-terrorist operations in Chechnya were almost fully concluded.

"I think that we are fully able to speak of the end of counter-terrorist operations given the understanding that law enforcement agencies in Chechnya are in practice taking upon themselves the main responsibility for law and order."

"There are now certain regions of the North Caucasus where the situation is more worrying than in Chechnya. It must be said that law enforcement authorities in Chechnya are more and more firmly controlling the situation, and taking on more responsibility."
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International-UN-NGOs
PARADE’s Annual List Of The World’s 10 Worst Dictators, annotated
2006-01-23
A "dictator" is a head of state who exercises arbitrary authority over the lives of his citizens and who cannot be removed from power through legal means. The worst commit terrible human-rights abuses. This present list draws in part on reports by global human-rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, Reporters Without Borders and Amnesty International. While the three worst from 2005 have retained their places, two on last year's list (Muammar al-Qaddafi of Libya and Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan) have slipped out of the Top 10—not because their conduct has improved but because other dictators have gotten worse.

1) Omar al-Bashir, Sudan. Age 62. In power since 1989. Last year's rank: 1
Since February 2003, Bashir's campaign of ethnic and religious persecution has killed at least 180,000 civilians in Darfur in western Sudan and driven 2 million people from their homes. The good news is that Bashir's army and the Janjaweed militia that he supports have all but stopped burning down villages in Darfur. The bad news is why they've stopped: There are few villages left to burn. The attacks now are aimed at refugee camps. While the media have called these actions "a humanitarian tragedy," Bashir himself has escaped major condemnation. In 2005, Bashir signed a peace agreement with the largest rebel group in non-Islamic southern Sudan and allowed its leader, John Garang, to become the nation's vice president. But Garang died in July in a helicopter crash, and Bashir's troops still occupy the south.
Duplicitous, brutal, and evil to the core, Omar is my choice for Number 3 worst dictator in the entire world. Sudan misses being cited as the classic failed state only because it is next door to Somalia. Omar will probably manage to split Sudan into its component parts, but the process will take a long time, and the end result may look more like Somalia than even we expect here.

2) Kim Jong-il, North Korea. Age 63. In power since 1994. Last year's rank: 2
While the outside world focuses on Kim Jong-il's nuclear weapons program, domestically he runs the world's most tightly controlled society. North Korea continues to rank last in the index of press freedom compiled by Reporters Without Borders, and for the 34th straight year it earned the worst possible score on political rights and civil liberties from Freedom House. An estimated 250,000 people are confined in "reeducation camps." Malnourishment is widespread: According to the United Nations World Food Program, the average 7-year-old boy in North Korea is almost 8 inches shorter than a South Korean boy the same age and more than 20 pounds lighter.
An hereditary dictator, Kimmie has no contact with the commons except for the occasional dancing girl. Rantburg rank: Numbah 2, but only because Bob Mugabe goes out of his way to be even worse.

3) Than Shwe, Burma (Myanmar). Age 72. In power since 1992. Last year's rank: 3
In November 2005, without warning, Than Shwe moved his entire government from Rangoon (Yangon), the capital for the last 120 years, to Pyinmana, a remote area 245 miles away. Civil servants were given two days' notice and are forbidden from resigning. Burma leads the world in the use of children as soldiers, and the regime is notorious for using forced labor on construction projects and as porters for the army in war zones. The long-standing house arrest of Aung San Suu Kyi, winner of the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize and Than Shwe's most feared opponent, recently was extended for six months. Just to drive near her heavily guarded home is to risk arrest.
An insignificant pipsqueak of a dictator. Doesn't even merit inclusion in the top ten. Just another general, one of many who've ruled Burma since, I believe, 1962, during which time the army's great victories have been against its own people.

4) Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe. Age 81. In power since 1980. Last year's rank: 9
Life in Zimbabwe has gone from bad to worse: It has the world's highest inflation rate, 80% unemployment and an HIV/AIDS rate of more than 20%. Life expectancy has declined since 1988 from 62 to 38 years. Farming has collapsed since 2000, when Mugabe began seizing white-owned farms, giving most of them to political allies with no background in agriculture. In 2005, Mugabe launched Operation Murambatsvina (Clean the Filth), the forcible eviction of some 700,000 people from their homes or businesses—"to restore order and sanity," says the government. But locals say the reason was to forestall demonstrations as the economy deteriorates.
The prototypical "dictator's dictator." Brutal, rapacious, and corrupt, Bob has taken the former Breadbasket of Africa and made it into a begger state. His policies of plunder and disregard for the common folk place him at the top of my list. Rantburg rank: Numbah 1.

5) Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan. Age 67. In power since 1990. Last year's rank: 15
Until 2005, the worst excesses of Karimov's regime had taken place in the torture rooms of his prisons. But on May 13, he ordered a mass killing that could not be concealed. In the city of Andijan, 23 businessmen, held in prison and awaiting a verdict, were freed by their supporters, who then held an open meeting in the town square. An estimated 10,000 people gathered, expecting government officials to come and listen to their grievances. Instead, Karimov sent the army, which massacred hundreds of men, women and children. A 2003 law made Karimov and all members of his family immune from prosecution forever.
Karimov's harmless to the rest of the world. He's courteous enough to keep his atrocities within his own borders. Barely makes the "B" list.

6) Hu Jintao, China. Age 63. In power since 2002. Last year's rank: 4
Although some Chinese have taken advantage of economic liberalization to become rich, up to 150 million Chinese live on $1 a day or less in this nation with no minimum wage. Between 250,000 and 300,000 political dissidents are held in "reeducation-through-labor" camps without trial. Less than 5% of criminal trials include witnesses, and the conviction rate is 99.7%. There are no privately owned TV or radio stations. The government opens and censors mail and monitors phone calls, faxes, e-mails and text messages. In preparation for the 2008 Olympics, at least 400,000 residents of Beijing have been forcibly evicted from their homes.
Just another Emperor Chairman. Not a patch on Mao. 500 years from now he's just another name on a dynastic list.

7) King Abdullah, Saudi Arabia. Age 82. In power since 1995. Last year's rank: 5
Although Abdullah did not become king until 2005, he has ruled Saudi Arabia since his half-brother, Fahd, suffered a stroke 10 years earlier. In Saudi Arabia, phone calls are recorded and mobile phones with cameras are banned. It is illegal for public employees "to engage in dialogue with local and foreign media." By law, all Saudi citizens must be Muslims. According to Amnesty International, police in Saudi Arabia routinely use torture to extract "confessions." Saudi women may not appear in public with a man who isn't a relative, must cover their bodies and faces in public and may not drive. The strict suppression of women is not voluntary, and Saudi women who would like to live a freer life are not allowed to do so.
The Soddy elite aren't dictators, any more than Merwig and Chilperic were dictators, or Phillip the Fair was. Except for lopping people's heads off and gouging out an occasional eye they don't fit in the same category as Bob or Omar.

8) Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmenistan. Age 65. In power since 1990. Last year's rank: 8
Niyazov has created the world's most pervasive personality cult, and criticism of any of his policies is considered treason. The latest examples of his government-by-whim include bans on car radios, lip-synching and playing recorded music on TV or at weddings. Niyazov also has closed all national parks and shut down rural libraries. He launched an attack on his nation's health-care system, firing 15,000 health-care workers and replacing most of them with untrained military conscripts. He announced the closing of all hospitals outside the capital and ordered Turkmenistan's physicians to give up the Hippocratic Oath and to swear allegiance to him instead.
A classical lunatic dictator with delusions of grandeur, Turmenbashi is my choice for Number 4 worst dictator in the entire world. He's got it all: 20 foot posters, a book everyone's required to read, and he named a month after his Mom. Destined to be one of the great laughingstocks of history, once the bodies have cooled.

9) Seyed Ali Khamenei, Iran. Age 66. In power since 1989. Last year's rank: 18
Over the past four years, the rulers of Iran have undone the reforms that were emerging in the nation. The hardliners completed this reversal by winning the parliamentary elections in 2004 —after disqualifying 44% of the candidates—and with the presidential election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in June 2005. Ultimately, however, the country is run by the 12-man Guardian Council, overseen by the Ayatollah Khamane'i, which has the right to veto any law that the elected government passes. Khamane'i has shut down the free press, tortured journalists and ordered the execution of homosexual males.

10) Teodoro Obiang Nguema, Equatorial Guinea. Age 63. In power since 1979. Last year's rank: 10
Obiang took power in this tiny West African nation by overthrowing his uncle more than 25 years ago. According to a United Nations inspector, torture "is the normal means of investigation" in Equatorial Guinea. There is no freedom of speech, and there are no bookstores or newsstands. The one private radio station is owned by Obiang's son. Since major oil reserves were discovered in Equatorial Guinea in 1995, Obiang has deposited more than $700 million into special accounts in U.S. banks. Meanwhile, most of his people live on less than $1 a day.
Merits inclusion only as a prototype African kleptocrat. Has the advantage of keeping the corpses mostly within his own borders.

Meet the Contenders: Dictators 11 to 20

11. Muammar al-Qaddafi, Libya Age 63. In power since 1969. Last year's rank: 6
Qaddafi has made his peace with the outside world by renouncing his quest for weapons of mass destruction and opening his oil fields to foreign companies. But domestically he continues to operate a brutal regime. According to the U.S. Department of State, at least 10% of the population is engaged in surveillance of the other 90%. Libyan law provides for collective punishment in which the relatives, friends and even neighbors of someone found guilty of a crime can also be punished. Criticizing Qaddafi is considered a crime punishable by death.
Another old favorite. Col. Qaddhafi took power in 1969 and hasn't managed to get promoted since. I'll give him the Number 7 position. Muammar's smart enough to realize when he's on the wrong side of history, as long as he has 20 or 30 years to figure which way to jump. He took all the money from his oil-rich kingdom and pissed it away on foreign adventurism while the common folk became impoverished. Gets the prize for the most self-awarded medals and for his comely corps of dancing girls body guards.

12. King Mswati III, Swaziland Age 37. In power since 1986. Last year's rank: 11
Africa's last remaining absolute monarch, Mswati III took power at the age of 18. Since then he has allowed his country to slide into extreme poverty, with 69% of the Swazi people living on less than $1 a day. Swaziland has the highest HIV/AIDS rate in the world: almost 40%. The country has operated without a constitution for 30 years. Mswati has agreed to implement a new one in 2006, however, it bans political parties, gives Mswati the right to reject any laws passed by the legislature and grants him immunity against all possible crimes.
Mswati is not a dictator. He is a clown. His chief characteristic is not cruelty, which a good dictator needs to be effective, but horniness. He is merely diddling while the country goes to pot. Doesn't even deserve a place on the list.

13. Isayas Afewerki, Eritrea Age 59. In power since 1993. Last year's rank: 17
A popular leader of Eritrea's 30-year war of liberation against Ethiopia, Afewerki became its first president in 1993. Since then he has cancelled all national elections. He also suspended the constitution, shut down all privately owned media and restricted the use of cell phones because, he says, they are a threat to national security. He recently expelled all American and European members of the United Nations peacekeeping force that is trying to stop the outbreak of a border war with neighboring Ethiopia.

14. Aleksandr Lukashenko, Belarus Age 51. In power since 1994. Last year's rank: 12
Europe's last dictator, Aleksandr Lukashenko was elected Belarus' first president after the break-up of the Soviet Union. Since then he has rewritten the constitution to allow him to appoint all 110 members of the upper house of the legislature, and he has harassed his opponents, sometimes having them arrested on live television. He also has mandated a return to Communist-style "mutual surveillance," encouraging workers to use "trouble telephones" to inform on one another. It is against the law to criticize him.
An idea whose time has gone. As a matter of fact, it was gone when he took power. The results show in the country's ecnomic performance. Maybe Number 8, but even that's stretching things.

15. Fidel Castro, Cuba Age 79. In power since 1959. Last year's rank: 13
Fidel Castro moved into his 47th year as the leader of Cuba, continuing his record as the longest-reigning dictator in the world. He seems to be telling his people that two generations have passed and no one in Cuba is worthy of taking his place. Cuba had one of the worst scores on Reporters Without Borders' international index of press freedom.
Fidel is everyone's favorite commie dictator, who's managed to take Cuba and make it into an economic and social backwater. His primary talents consist of the ability to give 12 hours speeches and make American leftists swoon. I'd put him at Number 5 on the list.

16. Bashar al-Assad, Syria Age 40. In power since 2000. Last year's rank: 14
A former ophthamology student, in 2000 Bashar inherited power from his father, who had ruled Syria for 29 years. Recently the Syrian government has received international condemnation for its presumed involvement in the assassination of the ex-prime minister of neighboring Lebanon. In Syria itself, "emergency rule" has been in effect since 1963. Amnesty International has documented 38 different types of torture that have been used in Syria in recent years.
I'll give Pencilneck the Number 6 position. He's not the man his father was, and in fact may not even be the man he used to be. An inept puppet, better suited for another line of work, he's busy presiding over the demise of his regime. Gone by 9-11-06.

17. Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan Age 62. In power since 1999. Last year's rank: 7
General Pervez Musharraf seized power in a military coup that overthrew an elected government. He appointed himself president of Pakistan in 2001 and then attempted to legitimize his rule by staging an election in 2002. However, the election did not come close to meeting international standards. Musharraf agreed to step down as head of the military but then changed his mind, claiming that the nation needed to unify its political and military elements and that he could provide this unity. He justified his decision by stating, "I think the country is more important than democracy." Prior to September 11, 2001, Musharraf was an ardent supporter of Afghanistan's Taliban regime.

18. Meles Zenawi, Ethiopia Age 50. In power since 1995. Last year's rank: unranked
Following a disputed election in May 2005, Zenawi's forces shot to death several dozen unarmed demonstrators and detained more than 10,000 political opponents. Zenawi had agreed to a mediated solution to his border dispute with Eritrea. But when the United Nations boundary commission ruled against him, he refused to comply with its decision.

19. Boungnang Vorachith, Laos Age 68. In power since 2001. Last year's rank: 20
Laos is run by the communist Lao People's Revolutionary Party. Freedom of expression, assembly and religion are almost nonexistent. Three quarters of Laotians live on less than $2 a day.

20. Tran Duc Luong, Vietnam Age 68. In power since 1997. Last year's rank: 19
A geology technician, Luong oversees a classic communist regime that forbids public criticism of the Communist Party, strictly controls all media and heavily censors the Internet. Political trials are closed to the public and 29 different crimes are punishable by the death penalty—including fraud, corruption and drug trafficking. In November, 2005, the U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report designated Vietnam as one of eight "countries of particular concern."

Contributing Editor David Wallechinsky has reported on world figures for PARADE, including an interview with Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. For more on the worst dictators, visit parade.com on the Web.
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